Genome-wide physical activity interactions in adiposity ― A meta-analysis of 200,452 adults

• Mariaelisa Graff ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Mariaelisa Graff, Robert A. Scott, Anne E. Justice, Kristin L. Young

  * E-mail: migraff@email.unc.edu (MG); ruth.loos@mssm.edu (RJFL); tuomas.kilpelainen@sund.ku.dk (TOK)

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6380-1735

  ⨯
• Robert A. Scott ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Mariaelisa Graff, Robert A. Scott, Anne E. Justice, Kristin L. Young

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Anne E. Justice ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Mariaelisa Graff, Robert A. Scott, Anne E. Justice, Kristin L. Young

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Kristin L. Young ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Mariaelisa Graff, Robert A. Scott, Anne E. Justice, Kristin L. Young

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Mary F. Feitosa,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

  ⨯
• Llilda Barata,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

  ⨯
• Thomas W. Winkler,

  Affiliation Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0292-5421

  ⨯
• Audrey Y. Chu,

  Affiliations National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Anubha Mahajan,

  Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• David Hadley,

  Affiliation Division of Population Health Sciences and Education, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Luting Xue,

  Affiliations National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Tsegaselassie Workalemahu,

  Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Nancy L. Heard-Costa,

  Affiliations National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9730-0306

  ⨯
• Marcel den Hoed,

  Affiliations MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

  ⨯
• Tarunveer S. Ahluwalia,

  Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark

  ⨯
• Qibin Qi,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Julius S. Ngwa,

  Affiliation Howard University, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington DC, United States of America

  ⨯
• Frida Renström,

  Affiliations Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6053-298X

  ⨯
• Lydia Quaye,

  Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• John D. Eicher,

  Affiliation Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• James E. Hayes,

  Affiliations Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University, New York, New York, United States of America, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Marilyn Cornelis,

  Affiliations Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Zoltan Kutalik,

  Affiliations Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland

  ⨯
• Elise Lim,

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jian’an Luan,

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Jennifer E. Huffman,

  Affiliations National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Weihua Zhang,

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Wei Zhao,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Paula J. Griffin,

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Toomas Haller,

  Affiliation Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

  ⨯
• Shafqat Ahmad,

  Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden

  ⨯
• Pedro M. Marques-Vidal,

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

  ⨯
• Stephanie Bien,

  Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  ⨯
• Loic Yengo,

  Affiliation University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France

  ⨯
• Alexander Teumer,

  Affiliations Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

  ⨯
• Albert Vernon Smith,

  Affiliations Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

  ⨯
• Meena Kumari,

  Affiliation ISER, University of Essex, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Marie Neergaard Harder,

  Affiliation Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  ⨯
• Johanne Marie Justesen,

  Affiliation Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  ⨯
• Marcus E. Kleber,

  Affiliations Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, Institute of Nutrition, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany

  ⨯
• Mette Hollensted,

  Affiliation Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  ⨯
• Kurt Lohman,

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Natalia V. Rivera,

  Affiliation Karolinska Institutet, Respiratory Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Stockholm, Sweden

  ⨯
• John B. Whitfield,

  Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

  ⨯
• Jing Hua Zhao,

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Heather M. Stringham,

  Affiliation Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen,

  Affiliations Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland

  ⨯
• Charlotte Huppertz,

  Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Public and Occupational Health, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Gonneke Willemsen,

  Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Wouter J. Peyrot,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Ying Wu,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Kati Kristiansson,

  Affiliations National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

  ⨯
• Ayse Demirkan,

  Affiliations Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Myriam Fornage,

  Affiliations Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  ⨯
• Maija Hassinen,

  Affiliation Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland

  ⨯
• Lawrence F. Bielak,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Gemma Cadby,

  Affiliation Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

  ⨯
• Toshiko Tanaka,

  Affiliation Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Reedik Mägi,

  Affiliation Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

  ⨯
• Peter J. van der Most,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Anne U. Jackson,

  Affiliation Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jennifer L. Bragg-Gresham,

  Affiliation Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Veronique Vitart,

  Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Jonathan Marten,

  Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Pau Navarro,

  Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Claire Bellis,

  Affiliations Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research of Singapore, Singapore, Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

  ⨯
• Dorota Pasko,

  Affiliation Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Åsa Johansson,

  Affiliation Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

  ⨯
• Søren Snitker,

  Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Yu-Ching Cheng,

  Affiliations Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Joel Eriksson,

  Affiliation Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

  ⨯
• Unhee Lim,

  Affiliation Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

  ⨯
• Mette Aadahl,

  Affiliations Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  ⨯
• Linda S. Adair,

  Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Najaf Amin,

  Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Beverley Balkau,

  Affiliation INSERM U-1018, CESP, Renal and Cardiovascular Epidemiology, UVSQ-UPS, Villejuif, France

  ⨯
• Juha Auvinen,

  Affiliations Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

  ⨯
• John Beilby,

  Affiliations Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

  ⨯
• Richard N. Bergman,

  Affiliation Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Sven Bergmann,

  Affiliations Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

  ⨯
• Alain G. Bertoni,

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• John Blangero,

  Affiliation Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

  ⨯
• Amélie Bonnefond,

  Affiliation University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France

  ⨯
• Lori L. Bonnycastle,

  Affiliation Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Judith B. Borja,

  Affiliations USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines

  ⨯
• Søren Brage,

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Fabio Busonero,

  Affiliation Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy

  ⨯
• Steve Buyske,

  Affiliations Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America, Department of Statistics and Biostatistics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America

  ⨯
• Harry Campbell,

  Affiliation Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland

  ⨯
• Peter S. Chines,

  Affiliation Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Francis S. Collins,

  Affiliation Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Tanguy Corre,

  Affiliations Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

  ⨯
• George Davey Smith,

  Affiliation MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Graciela E. Delgado,

  Affiliation Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

  ⨯
• Nicole Dueker,

  Affiliation University of Maryland School of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Marcus Dörr,

  Affiliations DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

  ⨯
• Tapani Ebeling,

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

  ⨯
• Gudny Eiriksdottir,

  Affiliation Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland

  ⨯
• Tõnu Esko,

  Affiliations Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jessica D. Faul,

  Affiliation Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Mao Fu,

  Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Kristine Færch,

  Affiliation Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark

  ⨯
• Christian Gieger,

  Affiliations Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

  ⨯
• Sven Gläser,

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

  ⨯
• Jian Gong,

  Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  ⨯
• Penny Gordon-Larsen,

  Affiliations Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Harald Grallert,

  Affiliations Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany

  ⨯
• Tanja B. Grammer,

  Affiliation Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

  ⨯
• Niels Grarup,

  Affiliation Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  ⨯
• Gerard van Grootheest,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Kennet Harald,

  Affiliation National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland

  ⨯
• Nicholas D. Hastie,

  Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Aki S. Havulinna,

  Affiliation National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland

  ⨯
• Dena Hernandez,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lucia Hindorff,

  Affiliation Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lynne J. Hocking,

  Affiliations Musculoskeletal Research Programme, Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, United Kingdom, Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Oddgeir L. Holmens,

  Affiliation St. Olav Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway

  ⨯
• Christina Holzapfel,

  Affiliations Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute for Nutritional Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany

  ⨯
• Jouke Jan Hottenga,

  Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, NCA Institute, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Jie Huang,

  Affiliation Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Tao Huang,

  Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jennie Hui,

  Affiliations Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

  ⨯
• Cornelia Huth,

  Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany

  ⨯
• Nina Hutri-Kähönen,

  Affiliations Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland

  ⨯
• Alan L. James,

  Affiliations Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

  ⨯
• John-Olov Jansson,

  Affiliation Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

  ⨯
• Min A. Jhun,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Markus Juonala,

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland, Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland

  ⨯
• Leena Kinnunen,

  Affiliation National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland

  ⨯
• Heikki A. Koistinen,

  Affiliations National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Medicine and Abdominal Center: Endocrinology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland

  ⨯
• Ivana Kolcic,

  Affiliation Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia

  ⨯
• Pirjo Komulainen,

  Affiliation Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland

  ⨯
• Johanna Kuusisto,

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

  ⨯
• Kirsti Kvaløy,

  Affiliation HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway

  ⨯
• Mika Kähönen,

  Affiliations Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland, Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland

  ⨯
• Timo A. Lakka,

  Affiliations Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland, Institute of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Finland

  ⨯
• Lenore J. Launer,

  Affiliation Neuroepidemiology Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Benjamin Lehne,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Cecilia M. Lindgren,

  Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Mattias Lorentzon,

  Affiliations Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden, Geriatric Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden

  ⨯
• Robert Luben,

  Affiliation Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Michel Marre,

  Affiliations INSERM U-1138, Équipe 2: Pathophysiology and Therapeutics of Vascular and Renal diseases Related to Diabetes, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition, and Metabolic Diseases, Bichat Claude Bernard Hospital, Paris, France

  ⨯
• Yuri Milaneschi,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Keri L. Monda,

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Center for Observational Research, Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Grant W. Montgomery,

  Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

  ⨯
• Marleen H. M. De Moor,

  Affiliations EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Section of Clinical Child and Family Studies, Department of Educational and Family Studies, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Antonella Mulas,

  Affiliations Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy

  ⨯
• Martina Müller-Nurasyid,

  Affiliations Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany

  ⨯
• A. W. Musk,

  Affiliations Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia

  ⨯
• Reija Männikkö,

  Affiliation Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland

  ⨯
• Satu Männistö,

  Affiliation National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland

  ⨯
• Narisu Narisu,

  Affiliation Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Matthias Nauck,

  Affiliations DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

  ⨯
• Jennifer A. Nettleton,

  Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ilja M. Nolte,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Albertine J. Oldehinkel,

  Affiliation Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Matthias Olden,

  Affiliation Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

  ⨯
• Ken K. Ong,

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Sandosh Padmanabhan,

  Affiliations Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Lavinia Paternoster,

  Affiliation MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Jeremiah Perez,

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Markus Perola,

  Affiliations National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, University of Tartu, Estonian Genome Centre, Tartu, Estonia

  ⨯
• Annette Peters,

  Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany

  ⨯
• Ulrike Peters,

  Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  ⨯
• Patricia A. Peyser,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Inga Prokopenko,

  Affiliation Genomics of Common Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Hannu Puolijoki,

  Affiliation South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland

  ⨯
• Olli T. Raitakari,

  Affiliations Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland, Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland

  ⨯
• Tuomo Rankinen,

  Affiliation Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

  ⨯
• Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik,

  Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

  ⨯
• Rajesh Rawal,

  Affiliations Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

  ⨯
• Paul M. Ridker,

  Affiliations Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lynda M. Rose,

  Affiliation Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Igor Rudan,

  Affiliation Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland

  ⨯
• Cinzia Sarti,

  Affiliation Social Services and Health Care Department, City of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

  ⨯
• Mark A. Sarzynski,

  Affiliation Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

  ⨯
• Kai Savonen,

  Affiliation Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland

  ⨯
• William R. Scott,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Serena Sanna,

  Affiliation Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy

  ⨯
• Alan R. Shuldiner,

  Affiliations Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Care System, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Steve Sidney,

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Günther Silbernagel,

  Affiliation Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Austria

  ⨯
• Blair H. Smith,

  Affiliations Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland

  ⨯
• Jennifer A. Smith,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Harold Snieder,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Alena Stančáková,

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

  ⨯
• Barbara Sternfeld,

  Affiliation Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Amy J. Swift,

  Affiliation Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Tuija Tammelin,

  Affiliation LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland

  ⨯
• Sian-Tsung Tan,

  Affiliation National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Barbara Thorand,

  Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany

  ⨯
• Dorothée Thuillier,

  Affiliation University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France

  ⨯
• Liesbeth Vandenput,

  Affiliation Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

  ⨯
• Henrik Vestergaard,

  Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark

  ⨯
• Jana V. van Vliet-Ostaptchouk,

  Affiliation Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Marie-Claude Vohl,

  Affiliations Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Canada, School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

  ⨯
• Uwe Völker,

  Affiliations DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Germany

  ⨯
• Gérard Waeber,

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

  ⨯
• Mark Walker,

  Affiliation Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Sarah Wild,

  Affiliation Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, Scotland

  ⨯
• Andrew Wong,

  Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Alan F. Wright,

  Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• M. Carola Zillikens,

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Niha Zubair,

  Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  ⨯
• Christopher A. Haiman,

  Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Loic Lemarchand,

  Affiliation Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ulf Gyllensten,

  Affiliation Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

  ⨯
• Claes Ohlsson,

  Affiliation Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden

  ⨯
• Albert Hofman,

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Fernando Rivadeneira,

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• André G. Uitterlinden,

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Louis Pérusse,

  Affiliations Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Quebec, Canada, Department of Kinesiology, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

  ⨯
• James F. Wilson,

  Affiliations MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland

  ⨯
• Caroline Hayward,

  Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Ozren Polasek,

  Affiliations Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, Scotland, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia

  ⨯
• Francesco Cucca,

  Affiliations Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR), Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy

  ⨯
• Kristian Hveem,

  Affiliation HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway

  ⨯
• Catharina A. Hartman,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Anke Tönjes,

  Affiliation University of Leipzig, Medical Department, Leipzig, Germany

  ⨯
• Stefania Bandinelli,

  Affiliation Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze, Florence, Italy

  ⨯
• Lyle J. Palmer,

  Affiliation School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia

  ⨯
• Sharon L. R. Kardia,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Rainer Rauramaa,

  Affiliations Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland, Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

  ⨯
• Thorkild I. A. Sørensen,

  Affiliations Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark

  ⨯
• Jaakko Tuomilehto,

  Affiliations National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland, Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria, Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  ⨯
• Veikko Salomaa,

  Affiliation National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health, Helsinki, Finland

  ⨯
• Brenda W. J. H. Penninx,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center/GGZ InGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Eco J. C. de Geus,

  Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, EMGO+ Institute, Vrije Universiteit & VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Dorret I. Boomsma,

  Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, NCA Institute, VU University & VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Terho Lehtimäki,

  Affiliations Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland

  ⨯
• Massimo Mangino,

  Affiliations Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St. Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Markku Laakso,

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

  ⨯
• Claude Bouchard,

  Affiliation Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America

  ⨯
• Nicholas G. Martin,

  Affiliation Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia

  ⨯
• Diana Kuh,

  Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Yongmei Liu,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• Allan Linneberg,

  Affiliations Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Glostrup University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark, Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  ⨯
• Winfried März,

  Affiliations Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany, Synlab Academy, Synlab Services LLC, Mannheim, Germany, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

  ⨯
• Konstantin Strauch,

  Affiliations Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany

  ⨯
• Mika Kivimäki,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Tamara B. Harris,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Vilmundur Gudnason,

  Affiliations Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

  ⨯
• Henry Völzke,

  Affiliations Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

  ⨯
• Lu Qi,

  Affiliation Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Marjo-Riitta Järvelin,

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• John C. Chambers,

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Jaspal S. Kooner,

  Affiliations Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital HNS Trust, Middlesex, United Kingdom, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Philippe Froguel,

  Affiliations University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8199 - EGID, Lille, France, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Charles Kooperberg,

  Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

  ⨯
• Peter Vollenweider,

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland

  ⨯
• Göran Hallmans,

  Affiliation Department of Biobank Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

  ⨯
• Torben Hansen,

  Affiliation Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  ⨯
• Oluf Pedersen,

  Affiliation Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

  ⨯
• Andres Metspalu,

  Affiliation Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

  ⨯
• Nicholas J. Wareham,

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Claudia Langenberg,

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• David R. Weir,

  Affiliation Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• David J. Porteous,

  Affiliations Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Eric Boerwinkle,

  Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  ⨯
• Daniel I. Chasman,

  Affiliations Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• CHARGE Consortium,
• EPIC-InterAct Consortium,
• PAGE Consortium ,

  ¶Membership is listed in the Supporting Information.

  ⨯
• Gonçalo R. Abecasis,

  Affiliation Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Inês Barroso,

  Affiliations Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom, The University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-4520

  ⨯
• Mark I. McCarthy,

  Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Timothy M. Frayling,

  Affiliation Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Jeffrey R. O’Connell,

  Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Cornelia M. van Duijn,

  Affiliations Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands, Center of Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Michael Boehnke,

  Affiliation Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Iris M. Heid,

  Affiliation Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

  ⨯
• Karen L. Mohlke,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• David P. Strachan,

  Affiliation Population Health Research Institute, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-1366

  ⨯
• Caroline S. Fox,

  Affiliation Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ching-Ti Liu,

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0742

  ⨯
• Joel N. Hirschhorn,

  Affiliations Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Broad Institute of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Robert J. Klein,

  Affiliation Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3539-5391

  ⨯
• Andrew D. Johnson,

  Affiliations National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ingrid B. Borecki,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

  ⨯
• Paul W. Franks,

  Affiliations Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden, Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

  ⨯
• Kari E. North,

  Affiliation Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

  ⨯
• L. Adrienne Cupples,

  Affiliations National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ruth J. F. Loos ,

  * E-mail: migraff@email.unc.edu (MG); ruth.loos@mssm.edu (RJFL); tuomas.kilpelainen@sund.ku.dk (TOK)

  ¶‡ These authors jointly supervised this work.

  Affiliations MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America, The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen

  * E-mail: migraff@email.unc.edu (MG); ruth.loos@mssm.edu (RJFL); tuomas.kilpelainen@sund.ku.dk (TOK)

  ¶‡ These authors jointly supervised this work.

  Affiliations MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, The Department of Preventive Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
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