Analysis of the Genome and Transcriptome of Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii Reveals Complex RNA Expression and Microevolution Leading to Virulence Attenuation

• Guilhem Janbon ,

  * E-mail: janbon@pasteur.fr (GJ); heitm001@duke.edu (JH); cuomo@broadinstitute.com (CAC); fred.dietrich@duke.edu (FSD)

  Affiliations Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France, INRA, USC2019, Paris, France

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• Kate L. Ormerod,

  Affiliation University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

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• Damien Paulet,

  Affiliation Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France

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• Edmond J. Byrnes III,

  Current address: Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America.

  Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Vikas Yadav,

  Affiliation Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Bangalore, India

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• Gautam Chatterjee,

  Affiliation Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Bangalore, India

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• Nandita Mullapudi,

  Affiliation Genotypic Technology Private Limited, Bangalore, India

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• Chung-Chau Hon,

  Affiliation Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie Cellulaire du Parasitisme, Département Biologie Cellulaire et Infection, Paris, France

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• R. Blake Billmyre,

  Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• François Brunel,

  Affiliation INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France

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• Yong-Sun Bahn,

  Affiliation Yonsei University, Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Department of Biotechnology, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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• Weidong Chen,

  Affiliation Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America

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• Yuan Chen,

  Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Eve W. L. Chow,

  Affiliation University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

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• Jean-Yves Coppée,

  Affiliation Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France

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• Anna Floyd-Averette,

  Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Claude Gaillardin,

  Affiliation INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France

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• Kimberly J. Gerik,

  Affiliation Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

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• Jonathan Goldberg,

  Affiliation Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Sara Gonzalez-Hilarion,

  Affiliations Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France, INRA, USC2019, Paris, France

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• Sharvari Gujja,

  Affiliation Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Joyce L. Hamlin,

  Affiliation University of Virginia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

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• Yen-Ping Hsueh,

  Affiliations Duke University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

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• Giuseppe Ianiri,

  Affiliation University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America

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• Steven Jones,

  Affiliation Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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• Chinnappa D. Kodira,

  Affiliation Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Lukasz Kozubowski,

  Affiliation Clemson University, Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America

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• Woei Lam,

  Affiliation Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

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• Marco Marra,

  Affiliation Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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• Larry D. Mesner,

  Affiliation University of Virginia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

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• Piotr A. Mieczkowski,

  Affiliation University of North Carolina, Department of Genetics, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Frédérique Moyrand,

  Affiliations Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France, INRA, USC2019, Paris, France

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• Kirsten Nielsen,

  Affiliations Duke University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, University of Minnesota, Microbiology Department, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Caroline Proux,

  Affiliation Institut Pasteur, Plate-forme Transcriptome et Epigénome, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France

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• Tristan Rossignol,

  Affiliation INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France

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• Jacqueline E. Schein,

  Affiliation Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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• Sheng Sun,

  Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Carolin Wollschlaeger,

  Affiliations Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France, INRA, USC2019, Paris, France

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• Ian A. Wood,

  Affiliation University of Queensland, School of Mathematics and Physics, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

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• Qiandong Zeng,

  Affiliation Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Cécile Neuvéglise,

  Affiliation INRA, UMR 1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France

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• Carol S. Newlon,

  Affiliation Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America

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• John R. Perfect,

  Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Duke Department of Medicine and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Jennifer K. Lodge,

  Affiliation Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

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• Alexander Idnurm,

  Affiliation University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Biological Sciences, Division of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America

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• Jason E. Stajich,

  Affiliations Duke University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America, University of California, Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Riverside, California, United States of America

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• James W. Kronstad,

  Affiliation Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

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• Kaustuv Sanyal,

  Affiliation Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Bangalore, India

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• Joseph Heitman ,

  * E-mail: janbon@pasteur.fr (GJ); heitm001@duke.edu (JH); cuomo@broadinstitute.com (CAC); fred.dietrich@duke.edu (FSD)

  Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• James A. Fraser,

  Affiliation University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

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• Christina A. Cuomo ,

  * E-mail: janbon@pasteur.fr (GJ); heitm001@duke.edu (JH); cuomo@broadinstitute.com (CAC); fred.dietrich@duke.edu (FSD)

  Affiliation Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

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•  [ ... ],
• Fred S. Dietrich

  * E-mail: janbon@pasteur.fr (GJ); heitm001@duke.edu (JH); cuomo@broadinstitute.com (CAC); fred.dietrich@duke.edu (FSD)

  Affiliation Duke University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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