Partitioning the Heritability of Tourette Syndrome and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Reveals Differences in Genetic Architecture

• Lea K. Davis ,

  * E-mail: lea.k.davis@gmail.com (LKD); jscharf@partners.org (JMS)

  Affiliation Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

  ⨯
• Dongmei Yu,

  Affiliations Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Clare L. Keenan,

  Affiliations Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

  ⨯
• Eric R. Gamazon,

  Affiliation Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

  ⨯
• Anuar I. Konkashbaev,

  Affiliation Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

  ⨯
• Eske M. Derks,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Benjamin M. Neale,

  Affiliations Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jian Yang,

  Affiliations The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute, Queensland, Australia, The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Queensland, Australia

  ⨯
• S. Hong Lee,

  Affiliation The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Queensland, Australia

  ⨯
• Patrick Evans,

  Affiliation Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

  ⨯
• Cathy L. Barr,

  Affiliations The Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Laura Bellodi,

  Affiliation Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

  ⨯
• Fortu Benarroch,

  Affiliation Herman Dana Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

  ⨯
• Gabriel Bedoya Berrio,

  Affiliation Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia

  ⨯
• Oscar J. Bienvenu,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Michael H. Bloch,

  Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

  ⨯
• Rianne M. Blom,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Ruth D. Bruun,

  Affiliations North Shore-Long Island Jewish Medical Center, Manhasset, New York, United States of America, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Cathy L. Budman,

  Affiliations North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, United States of America, Hofstra University School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York, United States of America

  ⨯
• Beatriz Camarena,

  Affiliation Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico

  ⨯
• Desmond Campbell,

  Affiliations University College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China

  ⨯
• Carolina Cappi,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

  ⨯
• Julio C. Cardona Silgado,

  Affiliation Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia

  ⨯
• Danielle C. Cath,

  Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical & Health Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Altrecht Academic Anxiety Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Maria C. Cavallini,

  Affiliation Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

  ⨯
• Denise A. Chavira,

  Affiliations Department of Psychology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America, Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Sylvain Chouinard,

  Affiliation University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

  ⨯
• David V. Conti,

  Affiliation Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Edwin H. Cook,

  Affiliation Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

  ⨯
• Vladimir Coric,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

  ⨯
• Bernadette A. Cullen,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Dieter Deforce,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

  ⨯
• Richard Delorme,

  Affiliations Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France, Fondation Fondamental, French National Science Foundation, Creteil, France, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France

  ⨯
• Yves Dion,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

  ⨯
• Christopher K. Edlund,

  Affiliation Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Karin Egberts,

  Affiliation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

  ⨯
• Peter Falkai,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Munich, Munich, Germany

  ⨯
• Thomas V. Fernandez,

  Affiliations Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

  ⨯
• Patience J. Gallagher,

  Affiliation Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Helena Garrido,

  Affiliation Clinica Herrera Amighetti, Avenida Escazú, San José, Costa Rica

  ⨯
• Daniel Geller,

  Affiliation OCD Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Simon L. Girard,

  Affiliation University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

  ⨯
• Hans J. Grabe,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Helios-Hospital Stralsund, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

  ⨯
• Marco A. Grados,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Benjamin D. Greenberg,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

  ⨯
• Varda Gross-Tsur,

  Affiliation Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

  ⨯
• Stephen Haddad,

  Affiliation Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Gary A. Heiman,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America

  ⨯
• Sian M. J. Hemmings,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa

  ⨯
• Ana G. Hounie,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Säo Paulo, Brazil

  ⨯
• Cornelia Illmann,

  Affiliation Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Joseph Jankovic,

  Affiliation Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America

  ⨯
• Michael A. Jenike,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• James L. Kennedy,

  Affiliations Neurogenetics Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Robert A. King,

  Affiliation Yale Child Study Center, Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

  ⨯
• Barbara Kremeyer,

  Affiliation University College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Roger Kurlan,

  Affiliation Atlantic Neuroscience Institute, Overlook Hospital, Summit, New Jersey, United States of America

  ⨯
• Nuria Lanzagorta,

  Affiliation Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico

  ⨯
• Marion Leboyer,

  Affiliations Fondation Fondamental, French National Science Foundation, Creteil, France, AP-HP, Robert Debré Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Paris, France, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Psychiatric Genetics, Créteil, France

  ⨯
• James F. Leckman,

  Affiliation Child Study Center, Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

  ⨯
• Leonhard Lennertz,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  ⨯
• Chunyu Liu,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

  ⨯
• Christine Lochner,

  Affiliation MRC Unit on Anxiety & Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa

  ⨯
• Thomas L. Lowe,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Fabio Macciardi,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• James T. McCracken,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lauren M. McGrath,

  Affiliation Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Sandra C. Mesa Restrepo,

  Affiliation Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia

  ⨯
• Rainald Moessner,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  ⨯
• Jubel Morgan,

  Affiliation University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

  ⨯
• Heike Muller,

  Affiliation University College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Dennis L. Murphy,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Allan L. Naarden,

  Affiliation Department of Clinical Research, Medical City Dallas Hospital, Dallas, Texas, United States of America

  ⨯
• William Cornejo Ochoa,

  Affiliation Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia

  ⨯
• Roel A. Ophoff,

  Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands, Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lisa Osiecki,

  Affiliation Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Andrew J. Pakstis,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

  ⨯
• Michele T. Pato,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Carlos N. Pato,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• John Piacentini,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Christopher Pittenger,

  Affiliation Departments of Psychiatry and Psychology and the Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

  ⨯
• Yehuda Pollak,

  Affiliation Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

  ⨯
• Scott L. Rauch,

  Affiliation Partners Psychiatry and McLean Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Tobias J. Renner,

  Affiliation Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

  ⨯
• Victor I. Reus,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Margaret A. Richter,

  Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Frederick W. Thompson Anxiety Disorders Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Mark A. Riddle,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Mary M. Robertson,

  Affiliations University College London, London, United Kingdom, St George's Hospital and Medical School, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Roxana Romero,

  Affiliation Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica

  ⨯
• Maria C. Rosàrio,

  Affiliation Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

  ⨯
• David Rosenberg,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University and the Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Guy A. Rouleau,

  Affiliation Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

  ⨯
• Stephan Ruhrmann,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

  ⨯
• Andres Ruiz-Linares,

  Affiliation University College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Aline S. Sampaio,

  Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Säo Paulo, Brazil, University Health Care Services - SMURB, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil

  ⨯
• Jack Samuels,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Paul Sandor,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto Western Research Institute and Youthdale Treatment Centers, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Brooke Sheppard,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Harvey S. Singer,

  Affiliation Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jan H. Smit,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Dan J. Stein,

  Affiliation University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

  ⨯
• E. Strengman,

  Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Jay A. Tischfield,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ana V. Valencia Duarte,

  Affiliation Universidad de Antioquia, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia

  ⨯
• Homero Vallada,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

  ⨯
• Filip Van Nieuwerburgh,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

  ⨯
• Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele,

  Affiliation Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Pharmacology, Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, and Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

  ⨯
• Susanne Walitza,

  Affiliations Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

  ⨯
• Ying Wang,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jens R. Wendland,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Herman G. M. Westenberg,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center and Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Yin Yao Shugart,

  Affiliation Unit on Statistical Genomics, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Euripedes C. Miguel,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil

  ⨯
• William McMahon,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

  ⨯
• Michael Wagner,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  ⨯
• Humberto Nicolini,

  Affiliation National Institute of Genomic Medicine-SAP, Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, Mexico

  ⨯
• Danielle Posthuma,

  Affiliations Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU Medical Centre, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Gregory L. Hanna,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  ⨯
• Peter Heutink,

  Affiliations Section of Medical Genomics, Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, The Netherlands, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany

  ⨯
• Damiaan Denys,

  Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Paul D. Arnold,

  Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  ⨯
• Ben A. Oostra,

  Affiliation Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Gerald Nestadt,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

  ⨯
• Nelson B. Freimer,

  Affiliation Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• David L. Pauls,

  Affiliation Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

  ⨯
• Naomi R. Wray,

  Affiliation The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, Queensland, Australia

  ⨯
• S. Evelyn Stewart ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: S. Evelyn Stewart, Carol A. Mathews, James A. Knowles, Nancy J. Cox, Jeremiah M. Scharf

  Affiliations Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, British Columbia Mental Health and Addictions Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

  ⨯
• Carol A. Mathews ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: S. Evelyn Stewart, Carol A. Mathews, James A. Knowles, Nancy J. Cox, Jeremiah M. Scharf

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• James A. Knowles ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: S. Evelyn Stewart, Carol A. Mathews, James A. Knowles, Nancy J. Cox, Jeremiah M. Scharf

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry and the Behavioral Sciences, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

  ⨯
• Nancy J. Cox ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: S. Evelyn Stewart, Carol A. Mathews, James A. Knowles, Nancy J. Cox, Jeremiah M. Scharf

  Affiliation Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• Jeremiah M. Scharf

  Contributed equally to this work with: S. Evelyn Stewart, Carol A. Mathews, James A. Knowles, Nancy J. Cox, Jeremiah M. Scharf

  * E-mail: lea.k.davis@gmail.com (LKD); jscharf@partners.org (JMS)

  Affiliations Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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