Cosmopolitan inversions have a major impact on trait variation and the power of different GWAS approaches to identify associations

Benedict Adam Lenhart; Alan O. Bergland

doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1012012

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Cosmopolitan inversions have a major impact on trait variation and the power of different GWAS approaches to identify associations

Benedict Adam Lenhart ,

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: bal7cg@virginia.edu (BAL); aob2x@virginia.edu (AOB)

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-5386

⨯
Alan O. Bergland

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: bal7cg@virginia.edu (BAL); aob2x@virginia.edu (AOB)

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7145-7575

⨯

Cosmopolitan inversions have a major impact on trait variation and the power of different GWAS approaches to identify associations

Benedict Adam Lenhart,
Alan O. Bergland

Published: January 5, 2026
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1012012

About the Authors

Benedict Adam Lenhart

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: bal7cg@virginia.edu (BAL); aob2x@virginia.edu (AOB)

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1533-5386

Alan O. Bergland

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: bal7cg@virginia.edu (BAL); aob2x@virginia.edu (AOB)

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7145-7575

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Genome-wide association studies
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Invertebrate genomics
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Permutation
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Drosophila melanogaster
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Single nucleotide polymorphisms
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Principal component analysis
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Ethanol
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Phenotypes
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