About the Authors

D. Herbert Opi

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

herbert.opi@burnet.edu.au

Current address: Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Carolyne M. Ndila

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Sophie Uyoga

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Alex W. Macharia

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Clare Fennell

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Lucy B. Ochola

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Gideon Nyutu

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Bethseba R. Siddondo

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

John Ojal

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Mohammed Shebe

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Kennedy O. Awuondo

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Neema Mturi

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Norbert Peshu

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Benjamin Tsofa

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya

Gavin Band

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom

Kathryn Maitland

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, Institute for Global Health Innovation, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

Dominic P. Kwiatkowski

† Deceased.

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom

Kirk A. Rockett

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom

Thomas N. Williams

Contributed equally to this work with: Thomas N. Williams, J. Alexandra Rowe

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Kenya Medical Research Institute-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya, Institute for Global Health Innovation, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom

J. Alexandra Rowe

Contributed equally to this work with: Thomas N. Williams, J. Alexandra Rowe

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.