About the Authors

Felix Day

Contributed equally to this work with: Felix Day, Tugce Karaderi, Michelle R. Jones, Cindy Meun, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, John R. B. Perry, Andrea Dunaif, Joop Laven, Steve Franks, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Corrine K. Welt

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Tugce Karaderi

Contributed equally to this work with: Felix Day, Tugce Karaderi, Michelle R. Jones, Cindy Meun, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, John R. B. Perry, Andrea Dunaif, Joop Laven, Steve Franks, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Corrine K. Welt

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Cyprus

Michelle R. Jones

Contributed equally to this work with: Felix Day, Tugce Karaderi, Michelle R. Jones, Cindy Meun, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, John R. B. Perry, Andrea Dunaif, Joop Laven, Steve Franks, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Corrine K. Welt

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Bioinformatics & Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Cindy Meun

Contributed equally to this work with: Felix Day, Tugce Karaderi, Michelle R. Jones, Cindy Meun, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, John R. B. Perry, Andrea Dunaif, Joop Laven, Steve Franks, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Corrine K. Welt

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Chunyan He

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America

Alex Drong

Roles Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Peter Kraft

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nan Lin

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America, University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America

Hongyan Huang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Linda Broer

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Reedik Magi

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Richa Saxena

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Triin Laisk

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Estonian Genome Center, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Margrit Urbanek

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

M. Geoffrey Hayes

Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Gudmar Thorleifsson

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland

Juan Fernandez-Tajes

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Anubha Mahajan

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Benjamin H. Mullin

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia

Bronwyn G. A. Stuckey

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia, Keogh Institute for Medical Research, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia

Timothy D. Spector

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Scott G. Wilson

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia, Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Mark O. Goodarzi

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Lea Davis

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America, Vanderbilt Genomics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

André G. Uitterlinden

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Verneri Anttila

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Stanley Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Benjamin M. Neale

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Stanley Center for Psychiatric Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

Bart Fauser

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynaecology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Irina Kowalska

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland

Jenny A. Visser

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Marianne Andersen

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

Ken Ong

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Elisabet Stener-Victorin

Roles Investigation, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

David Ehrmann

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Section of Adult and Paediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Richard S. Legro

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Andres Salumets

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu, Estonia, Institute of Bio- and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

Mark I. McCarthy

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

Laure Morin-Papunen

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Medical Research Center, PEDEGO Research Unit, Oulu, Finland

Unnur Thorsteinsdottir

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Kari Stefansson

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

the 23andMe Research Team
Unnur Styrkarsdottir

Contributed equally to this work with: Felix Day, Tugce Karaderi, Michelle R. Jones, Cindy Meun, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, John R. B. Perry, Andrea Dunaif, Joop Laven, Steve Franks, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Corrine K. Welt

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland

John R. B. Perry

Contributed equally to this work with: Felix Day, Tugce Karaderi, Michelle R. Jones, Cindy Meun, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, John R. B. Perry, Andrea Dunaif, Joop Laven, Steve Franks, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Corrine K. Welt

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Andrea Dunaif

Contributed equally to this work with: Felix Day, Tugce Karaderi, Michelle R. Jones, Cindy Meun, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, John R. B. Perry, Andrea Dunaif, Joop Laven, Steve Franks, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Corrine K. Welt

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America

Joop Laven

Contributed equally to this work with: Felix Day, Tugce Karaderi, Michelle R. Jones, Cindy Meun, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, John R. B. Perry, Andrea Dunaif, Joop Laven, Steve Franks, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Corrine K. Welt

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Steve Franks

Contributed equally to this work with: Felix Day, Tugce Karaderi, Michelle R. Jones, Cindy Meun, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, John R. B. Perry, Andrea Dunaif, Joop Laven, Steve Franks, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Corrine K. Welt

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Cecilia M. Lindgren

Contributed equally to this work with: Felix Day, Tugce Karaderi, Michelle R. Jones, Cindy Meun, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, John R. B. Perry, Andrea Dunaif, Joop Laven, Steve Franks, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Corrine K. Welt

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

celi@well.ox.ac.uk (CML); cwelt@genetics.utah.edu (CKW)

Affiliations The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Corrine K. Welt

Contributed equally to this work with: Felix Day, Tugce Karaderi, Michelle R. Jones, Cindy Meun, Unnur Styrkarsdottir, John R. B. Perry, Andrea Dunaif, Joop Laven, Steve Franks, Cecilia M. Lindgren, Corrine K. Welt

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

celi@well.ox.ac.uk (CML); cwelt@genetics.utah.edu (CKW)

Affiliations Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America, Reproductive Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

Members of the 23andMe Research team are employees of and hold stock or stock options in 23andMe, Inc. GT, UT, KS, and US are employees of deCODE genetics/Amgen Inc. MIM serves on advisory panels for Pfizer and NovoNordisk. MIM has received honoraria from Pfizer, NovoNordisk and EliLilly, and has received research funding from Pfizer, NovoNordisk, EliLilly, AstraZeneca, Sanofi Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Roche, Janssen, Takeda, and Servier. JL has received consultancy fees from Danone, Metagenics inc., Titus Healthcare, Roche and Euroscreen. CW is a consultant for Novartis and has received UptoDate royalties.