About the Authors

Nicola De Maio

Affiliations Institute for Emerging Infections, Oxford Martin School, Oxford, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Chieh-Hsi Wu

Affiliation Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Kathleen M O’Reilly

Affiliation MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Daniel Wilson

daniel.wilson@ndm.ox.ac.uk

Affiliations Institute for Emerging Infections, Oxford Martin School, Oxford, United Kingdom, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DW NDM. Performed the experiments: NDM. Analyzed the data: NDM. Wrote the paper: NDM DW. Performed preliminary analyses and simulations: KMO. Tested and contributed to software development: CHW. Revised the manuscript: CHW KMO.