About the Authors

Chandana Basu Mallick

Contributed equally to this work with: Chandana Basu Mallick, Florin Mircea Iliescu

cbm@ebc.ee (CBM); tk331@cam.ac.uk (TK)

Affiliations Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia

Florin Mircea Iliescu

Contributed equally to this work with: Chandana Basu Mallick, Florin Mircea Iliescu

Affiliation Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Märt Möls

Affiliations Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

Sarah Hill

Affiliation Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Rakesh Tamang

Affiliation CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India

Gyaneshwer Chaubey

Affiliation Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia

Rie Goto

Affiliation Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Simon Y. W. Ho

Affiliation School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia

Irene Gallego Romero

Current address: Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.

Affiliation Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Federica Crivellaro

Current address: National Museum of Prehistory and Ethnography “Luigi Pigorini”, Rome, Italy.

Affiliation Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Georgi Hudjashov

Affiliations Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia

Niraj Rai

Affiliation CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India

Mait Metspalu

Affiliations Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia

C. G. Nicholas Mascie-Taylor

Affiliation Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Ramasamy Pitchappan

Affiliation Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Chennai, India

Lalji Singh

Affiliations CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

Marta Mirazon-Lahr

Affiliation Leverhulme Centre for Human Evolutionary Studies, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Kumarasamy Thangaraj

Affiliation CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India

Richard Villems

Affiliations Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia

Toomas Kivisild

cbm@ebc.ee (CBM); tk331@cam.ac.uk (TK)

Affiliations Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia, Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, Estonia, Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CBM FMI TK. Performed the experiments: CBM FMI RT. Analyzed the data: CBM FMI MMö RG GC SYWH TK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: IGR FC NR MMe CGNMT RP MML LS KT RV. Wrote the paper: CBM FMI TK. Supervised the statistical analyses related to genotype-phenotype association study: MMö. Gave suggestions and advice for the logistic regression analysis: RG CGNMT. Helped in performing the selection tests for sequence data using COSI package: GH. Supervised results and discussion related to BEAST analysis: SYWH. Critical editing of the manuscript: SH SYWH RV.