About the Authors

Ching-Ti Liu

Contributed equally to this work with: Ching-Ti Liu, Keri L. Monda, Kira C. Taylor

a Writing Group

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Keri L. Monda

Contributed equally to this work with: Ching-Ti Liu, Keri L. Monda, Kira C. Taylor

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Kira C. Taylor

Contributed equally to this work with: Ching-Ti Liu, Keri L. Monda, Kira C. Taylor

Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America

Leslie Lange

a Writing Group

Affiliation Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Ellen W. Demerath

Affiliation University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Walter Palmas

a Writing Group

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Mary K. Wojczynski

a Writing Group

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Jaclyn C. Ellis

a Writing Group

Affiliation Department of Genetics, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Mara Z. Vitolins

a Writing Group

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Simin Liu

a Writing Group

Affiliation Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine, and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Center for Metabolic Disease Prevention, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

George J. Papanicolaou

a Writing Group

Affiliation Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Prevention and Population Sciences Program, National Heart, Lung, & Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Marguerite R. Irvin

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Luting Xue

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Paula J. Griffin

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Michael A. Nalls

Affiliation Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Adebowale Adeyemo

Affiliation Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Jiankang Liu

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America

Guo Li

Affiliation University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Edward A. Ruiz-Narvaez

Affiliation Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Wei-Min Chen

Affiliation Center for Public Health and Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Fang Chen

Affiliation Center for Public Health and Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Brian E. Henderson

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Robert C. Millikan

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Christine B. Ambrosone

Affiliation Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, United States of America

Sara S. Strom

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Xiuqing Guo

Affiliation Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Jeanette S. Andrews

Affiliation Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Yan V. Sun

Affiliation Department of Epidemiolgy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Thomas H. Mosley

Affiliation Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America

Lisa R. Yanek

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Daniel Shriner

Affiliation Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Talin Haritunians

Affiliation Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Jerome I. Rotter

Affiliation Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Elizabeth K. Speliotes

Affiliation University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Megan Smith

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Lynn Rosenberg

Affiliation Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Josyf Mychaleckyj

Affiliation Center for Public Health and Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Uma Nayak

Affiliation Center for Public Health and Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Ida Spruill

Affiliation Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America

W. Timothy Garvey

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Curtis Pettaway

Affiliation Department of Urology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Sarah Nyante

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Elisa V. Bandera

Affiliation The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America

Angela F. Britton

Affiliation Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Alan B. Zonderman

Affiliation Laboratory of Personality and Cognition, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Laura J. Rasmussen-Torvik

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Yii-Der Ida Chen

Affiliation Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Jingzhong Ding

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Kurt Lohman

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Stephen B. Kritchevsky

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine/Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Wei Zhao

Affiliation Department of Epidemiolgy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Patricia A. Peyser

Affiliation Department of Epidemiolgy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Sharon L. R. Kardia

Affiliation Department of Epidemiolgy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Edmond Kabagambe

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, UAB, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Ulrich Broeckel

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Medicine and Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Guanjie Chen

Affiliation Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Jie Zhou

Affiliation Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, New York, United States of America

Marian L. Neuhouser

Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Evadnie Rampersaud

Affiliations Miami Institute for Human Genomics, Miami, Florida, United States of America, John T. McDonald Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America

Bruce Psaty

Affiliation Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology, and Health Services and Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Charles Kooperberg

Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

JoAnn E. Manson

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Lewis H. Kuller

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Heather M. Ochs-Balcom

Affiliation Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States of America

Karen C. Johnson

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America

Lara Sucheston

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, Buffalo, New York, United States of America

Jose M. Ordovas

Affiliation Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Julie R. Palmer

Affiliation Slone Epidemiology Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Christopher A. Haiman

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Barbara McKnight

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Barbara V. Howard

Affiliation MedStar Health Research Institute and Georgetown University, Hyattsville, Maryland, United States of America

Diane M. Becker

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Lawrence F. Bielak

Affiliation Department of Epidemiolgy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Yongmei Liu

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Matthew A. Allison

Affiliation University of California at San Diego Department of Preventive Medicine, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Struan F. A. Grant

Affiliation Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Gregory L. Burke

Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America

Sanjay R. Patel

Affiliation Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Pamela J. Schreiner

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Ingrid B. Borecki

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Michele K. Evans

Affiliation Health Disparities Research Section, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, NIH Biomedical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Herman Taylor

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, United States of America

Michele M. Sale

a Writing Group

Affiliation Center for Public Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Virginia Howard

a Writing Group

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, UAB School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America

Christopher S. Carlson

Affiliation Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Charles N. Rotimi

Affiliation Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Mary Cushman

a Writing Group

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, Vermont, United States of America

Tamara B. Harris

a Writing Group

Affiliation Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, NIA, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America

Alexander P. Reiner

a Writing Group

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

L. Adrienne Cupples

a Writing Group

b Joint Oversight

Affiliations Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kari E. North

knorth@email.unc.edu (KEN); Foxca@nhlbi.nih.gov (CSF)

a Writing Group

b Joint Oversight

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

Caroline S. Fox

knorth@email.unc.edu (KEN); Foxca@nhlbi.nih.gov (CSF)

a Writing Group

b Joint Oversight

Affiliations NHLBI's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, NHLBI's Center for Population Studies, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Endocrinology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ABZ BP CK CSF DMB EKS EWD GJP GLB IBB JIR JRP KCJ LAC LFB LHK LR MKE MZV PAP SBK SL SLRK SWS TBH YVS. Performed the experiments: AFB CAH IBB JMO JRP LAC SL SLRK UB YL. Analyzed the data: ABZ CK CSF CTL DS EARN EK FC GC GL JCE JSA JZ KCT KEN KL KLM LAC LL LRY LX MAN MKE MKW MRI MS PJG SL WMC WZ YL YVS AA ER JD JM UN WM XG LJRT HMOB. Wrote the paper: APR CSF CTL JCE KCT KEN KLM LAC LFB LL MKW TH WP YVS. Study management: AA ABZ BP BVH CK CNR CSF CTL EK EWD GJP GLB HT IBB JL JEM JIR JRP KCJ KCT KLM LR MAA MC MKE MKW MMS MZV SBK SL SLRK SN SRP SWS TBH TH THM WP YL YVS. Subject recruitment: ABZ BEH BP BVH CAH CBA CP EVB GLB IBB IS JEM JRP KCJ LR MKE MS PJS RCM SBK SL SSS TBH VH WTG. Interpretation of results: AA ABZ APR BM BVH CK CNR CSC CSF CTL DMB DS EARN EKS EWD FC GL HMOB IBB JL JD JEM JMO JRP KCJ KCT KEN KLM LAC LHK LJRT LL LR LRY LS MAN MC MKE MKW MLN MMS MZV SBK SFAG SL SWS TBH TH THM WMC XG YL YVS. Critical review of manuscript: AA ABZ AFB APR BM BP BVH CK CNR CSC DMB DS ER EVB EWD GC GJP GL GLB HMOB HT IBB JL JCE JD JEM JIR JMO JSA KCJ KCT KEN KL KLM LHK LJRT LRY LS LX MAA MAN MC MKE MKW MLN MMS MS MZV PJG PJS SBK SFAG SL SRP SWS TBH TH THM WP XG YDIC YL YVS. Bioinformatics: AA ER FC JD JM JSA LAC MAN UN WMC YL.