About the Authors

Olga Gorlova

Contributed equally to this work with: Olga Gorlova, Jose-Ezequiel Martin, Blanca Rueda, Bobby P. C. Koeleman, Spanish Scleroderma Group

oygorlov@mdanderson.org (O Gorlova); martin@ipb.csic.es (J Martin)

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Jose-Ezequiel Martin

Contributed equally to this work with: Olga Gorlova, Jose-Ezequiel Martin, Blanca Rueda, Bobby P. C. Koeleman, Spanish Scleroderma Group

Affiliation Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain

Blanca Rueda

Contributed equally to this work with: Olga Gorlova, Jose-Ezequiel Martin, Blanca Rueda, Bobby P. C. Koeleman, Spanish Scleroderma Group

Affiliation Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain

Bobby P. C. Koeleman

Contributed equally to this work with: Olga Gorlova, Jose-Ezequiel Martin, Blanca Rueda, Bobby P. C. Koeleman, Spanish Scleroderma Group

Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Jun Ying

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Maria Teruel

Affiliation Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain

Lina-Marcela Diaz-Gallo

Affiliation Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain

Jasper C. Broen

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Madelon C. Vonk

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Carmen P. Simeon

Affiliation Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Valle de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

Behrooz Z. Alizadeh

Affiliation University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands

Marieke J. H. Coenen

Affiliation Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Alexandre E. Voskuyl

Affiliation VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Annemie J. Schuerwegh

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology, University of Leiden, Leiden, The Netherlands

Piet L. C. M. van Riel

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Marie Vanthuyne

Affiliation Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

Ruben van 't Slot

Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Annet Italiaander

Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Roel A. Ophoff

Affiliation Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Nicolas Hunzelmann

Affiliation Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany

Vicente Fonollosa

Affiliation Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Valle de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain

Norberto Ortego-Centeno

Affiliation Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Granada, Spain

Miguel A. González-Gay

Affiliation Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain

Francisco J. García-Hernández

Affiliation Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla, Spain

María F. González-Escribano

Affiliation Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain

Paolo Airo

Affiliation Rheumatology Unit and Chair, Spedali Civili, Università degli Studi, Brescia, Italy

Jacob van Laar

Affiliation Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom

Jane Worthington

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom

Roger Hesselstrand

Affiliation Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Rheumatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

Vanessa Smith

Affiliation Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Filip de Keyser

Affiliation Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

Fredric Houssiau

Affiliation Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium

Meng May Chee

Affiliation Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Glasgow Royal Infirmary Glasgow, United Kingdom

Rajan Madhok

Affiliation Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, Glasgow Royal Infirmary Glasgow, United Kingdom

Paul G. Shiels

Affiliation Department of Surgery, Western Infirmary Glasgow, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Rene Westhovens

Affiliation Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Alexander Kreuter

Affiliation Department of Dermatology, Josefs-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany

Elfride de Baere

Affiliation Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium

Torsten Witte

Affiliation Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

Leonid Padyukov

Affiliation Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Annika Nordin

Affiliation Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

Raffaella Scorza

Affiliation Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Claudio Lunardi

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Policlinico GB Rossi, University of Verona, Italy

Benedicte A. Lie

Affiliation Institute of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway

Anna-Maria Hoffmann-Vold

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Øyvind Palm

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology, Rikshospitalet, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

Paloma García de la Peña

Affiliation Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain

Patricia Carreira

Affiliation Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

Spanish Scleroderma Group

Contributed equally to this work with: Olga Gorlova, Jose-Ezequiel Martin, Blanca Rueda, Bobby P. C. Koeleman, Spanish Scleroderma Group

Affiliation For membership of the Spanish Scleroderma Group, please see Text S1.

John Varga

Affiliation Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Monique Hinchcliff

Affiliation Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America

Annette T. Lee

Affiliation Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America

Pravitt Gourh

Affiliation The University of Texas Health Science Center–Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Christopher I. Amos

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Frederick M. Wigley

Affiliation The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Laura K. Hummers

Affiliation Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

J. Hummers

Affiliation The Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

J. Lee Nelson

Affiliation Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Gabriella Riemekasten

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité University Hospital, Berlin, Germany

Ariane Herrick

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology and Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom

Lorenzo Beretta

Affiliation Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and University of Milan, Milan, Italy

Carmen Fonseca

Affiliation Centre for Rheumatology, Royal Free and University College School, London, United Kingdom

Christopher P. Denton

Affiliation Centre for Rheumatology, Royal Free and University College School, London, United Kingdom

Peter K. Gregersen

Affiliation Feinstein Institute of Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, United States of America

Sandeep Agarwal

Affiliation The University of Texas Health Science Center–Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Shervin Assassi

Affiliation The University of Texas Health Science Center–Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Filemon K. Tan

Affiliation The University of Texas Health Science Center–Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Frank C. Arnett

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation The University of Texas Health Science Center–Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Timothy R. D. J. Radstake

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Rheumatology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Maureen D. Mayes

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation The University of Texas Health Science Center–Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Javier Martin

oygorlov@mdanderson.org (O Gorlova); martin@ipb.csic.es (J Martin)

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: O Gorlova, J-E Martin, B Rueda, BPC Koeleman, FC Arnett, TRDJ Radstake, MD Mayes, J Martin. Performed the experiments: O Gorlova, J-E Martin, B Rueda, M Teruel, L-M Diaz-Gallo, JC Broen, P Gourh, S Agarwal, S Assassi. Analyzed the data: O Gorlova, J-E Martin, B Rueda, BPC Koeleman, BZ Alizadeh. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: J Ying, MC Vonk, CP Simeon, MJH Coenen, AE Voskuyl, AJ Schuerwegh, PLCM van Riel, M Vanthuyne, R van 't Slot, A Italiaander, RA Ophoff, N Hunzelmann, V Fonollosa, N Ortego-Centeno, MA González-Gay, FJ García-Hernández, MF González-Escribano, P Airo, J van Laar, J Worthington, R Hesselstrand, V Smith, F de Keyser, F Houssiau, MM Chee, R Madhok, PG Shiels, R Westhovens, A Kreuter, E de Baere, T Witte, L Padyukov, A Nordin, R Scorza, C Lunardi, BA Lie A-M Hoffmann-Vold, Ø Palm, P García de la Peña, P Carreira, Spanish Scleroderma Group, J Varga, M Hinchcliff, AT Lee, P Gourh, CI Amos, FM Wigley, LK Hummers, JL Nelson, G Riemekasten, A Herrick, L Beretta, C Fonseca, CP Denton, S Agarwal, S Assassi, FK Tan, FC Arnett, TRDJ Radstake, MD Mayes, J Martin. Wrote the paper: O Gorlova, J-E Martin, B Rueda, BPC Koeleman, PK Gregersen, FC Arnett, TRDJ Radstake, MD Mayes, J Martin.