About the Authors

Nicole Soranzo

Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Soranzo, Fernando Rivadeneira, Usha Chinappen-Horsley

Affiliations Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Fernando Rivadeneira

Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Soranzo, Fernando Rivadeneira, Usha Chinappen-Horsley

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Usha Chinappen-Horsley

Contributed equally to this work with: Nicole Soranzo, Fernando Rivadeneira, Usha Chinappen-Horsley

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Ida Malkina

Affiliation Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

J. Brent Richards

Affiliations Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Naomi Hammond

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Lisette Stolk

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Alexandra Nica

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Michael Inouye

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Albert Hofman

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Jonathan Stephens

Affiliation Department of Haematology of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Cambridge, United Kingdom

Eleanor Wheeler

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Pascal Arp

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Rhian Gwilliam

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

P. Mila Jhamai

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Simon Potter

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Amy Chaney

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Mohammed J. R. Ghori

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Radhi Ravindrarajah

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Sergey Ermakov

Affiliation Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

Karol Estrada

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Huibert A. P. Pols

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Frances M. Williams

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Wendy L. McArdle

Affiliation ALSPAC Laboratory, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom

Joyce B. van Meurs

Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Ruth J. F. Loos

Affiliation Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Emmanouil T. Dermitzakis

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Kourosh R. Ahmadi

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Deborah J. Hart

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

Willem H. Ouwehand

Affiliations Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Haematology of Cambridge and NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Cambridge, United Kingdom

Nicholas J. Wareham

Affiliation Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Inês Barroso

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Manjinder S. Sandhu

Affiliation Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

David P. Strachan

Affiliation Division of Community Health Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom

Gregory Livshits

Affiliation Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

Timothy D. Spector

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, St. Thomas' Hospital Campus, King's College London, London, United Kingdom

André G. Uitterlinden

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Panos Deloukas

panos@sanger.ac.uk

These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Human Genetics Department, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: NS TDS AGU PD. Performed the experiments: NS NH MI JS PA RG PMJ SP AC MJRG RR SE WLM JBvM RJFL. Analyzed the data: NS FR UCH IM JBR LS AN EW SE KE JBvM ETD MSS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: FR IM AH HAPP FMW RJFL KRA DJH WHO NJW IB DPS GL TDS AGU PD. Wrote the paper: NS FR JBR MSS TDS AGU PD.