About the Authors

Eric A Miska

Contributed equally to this work with: Eric A Miska, Ezequiel Alvarez-Saavedra, Allison L Abbott

Current address: Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Affiliations Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ezequiel Alvarez-Saavedra

Contributed equally to this work with: Eric A Miska, Ezequiel Alvarez-Saavedra, Allison L Abbott

Affiliations Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Allison L Abbott

Contributed equally to this work with: Eric A Miska, Ezequiel Alvarez-Saavedra, Allison L Abbott

Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

Nelson C Lau

Current address: Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliation Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Andrew B Hellman

Current address: Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliations Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Shannon M McGonagle

Current address: Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Affiliations Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

David P Bartel

Affiliations Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Victor R Ambros

Affiliation Department of Genetics, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States of America

H. Robert Horvitz

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: horvitz@mit.edu

Affiliations Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

EAM, EAS, ALA, DPB, VRA, and HRH conceived and designed the experiments and wrote the paper. EAM, EAS, ALA, NCL, ABH, and SMM performed the experiments. EAM, EAS, and ALA analyzed the data. NCL contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools.