Deconvolution fluorescence microscopy identifies changes in the mucosal immune environment of the vaginal epithelial barrier in rhesus macaques after hormonal treatment. CD4+ T-cells (red, OKT4), target cells for HIV-1, are found in abundance in the vaginal epidermis in Depo Provera (DMPA)-treated macaques. This highlights injectable hormonal contraceptives and high progesterone as a potential HIV-1 risk factor for increased acquisition. Carias et al.
Image Credit: Ann M. Carias and Thomas J. Hope, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University.
Editorial
Development of Complex Models to Study Co- and Polymicrobial Infections and Diseases
PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005858
Opinions
Memory CD8+ T Cells: Orchestrators and Key Players of Innate Immunity?
PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005722
One Health: Addressing Global Challenges at the Nexus of Human, Animal, and Environmental Health
PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005731
Pearls
Viral Manipulation of Host Inhibitory Receptor Signaling for Immune Evasion
PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005776
Masters of Disguise: Antigenic Variation and the VSG Coat in Trypanosoma brucei
PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005784
Rampant Cheating by Pathogens?
PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005792
Surveillance Immunity: An Emerging Paradigm of Innate Defense Activation in Caenorhabditis elegans
PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005795
Harnessing the Microbiome to Prevent Fungal Infections: Lessons from Amphibians
PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005796
Compromised Defenses: Exploitation of Epithelial Responses During Viral-Bacterial Co-Infection of the Respiratory Tract
PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005797
Heptose Sounds the Alarm: Innate Sensing of a Bacterial Sugar Stimulates Immunity
PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005807
Fungal Super Glue: The Biofilm Matrix and Its Composition, Assembly, and Functions
PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005828
Research Matters
Viruses and Cancer: An Accidental Journey
PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005573
Sifting and Winnowing through Human Cytomegalovirus Lytic Replication and Latency
PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005607
Research Articles
Membrane Vesicles of Group B Streptococcus Disrupt Feto-Maternal Barrier Leading to Preterm Birth
PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005816
Francisella tularensis IglG Belongs to a Novel Family of PAAR-Like T6SS Proteins and Harbors a Unique N-terminal Extension Required for Virulence
PLOS Pathogens: published September 7, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005821
A Small Cysteine-Rich Protein from the Asian Soybean Rust Fungus, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Suppresses Plant Immunity
PLOS Pathogens: published September 27, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005827
Cytomegalovirus Infection Leads to Development of High Frequencies of Cytotoxic Virus-Specific CD4+ T Cells Targeted to Vascular Endothelium
PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005832
Latency Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Is Determined by the Interaction of Its Genome with the Nuclear Environment
PLOS Pathogens: published September 12, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005834
The Structural Architecture of an Infectious Mammalian Prion Using Electron Cryomicroscopy
PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005835
Reduced Plasmodium Parasite Burden Associates with CD38+ CD4+ T Cells Displaying Cytolytic Potential and Impaired IFN-γ Production
PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005839
Progesterone-Based Therapy Protects Against Influenza by Promoting Lung Repair and Recovery in Females
PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005840
Rice Dwarf Virus P2 Protein Hijacks Auxin Signaling by Directly Targeting the Rice OsIAA10 Protein, Enhancing Viral Infection and Disease Development
PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005847
A Small Protein Associated with Fungal Energy Metabolism Affects the Virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans in Mammals
PLOS Pathogens: published September 1, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005849
Carbohydrate-Binding Non-Peptidic Pradimicins for the Treatment of Acute Sleeping Sickness in Murine Models
PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005851
Leishmaniavirus-Dependent Metastatic Leishmaniasis Is Prevented by Blocking IL-17A
PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005852
Interaction of the Human Papillomavirus E6 Oncoprotein with Sorting Nexin 27 Modulates Endocytic Cargo Transport Pathways
PLOS Pathogens: published September 20, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005854
Impact of Microbiota on Resistance to Ocular Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Keratitis
PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005855
Staphylococcus aureus Exploits a Non-ribosomal Cyclic Dipeptide to Modulate Survival within Epithelial Cells and Phagocytes
PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005857
Engineering, Structure and Immunogenicity of the Human Metapneumovirus F Protein in the Postfusion Conformation
PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005859
MIF-Mediated Hemodilution Promotes Pathogenic Anemia in Experimental African Trypanosomosis
PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005862
Sequential and Simultaneous Immunization of Rabbits with HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein SOSIP.664 Trimers from Clades A, B and C
PLOS Pathogens: published September 14, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005864
Strain Dependent Genetic Networks for Antibiotic-Sensitivity in a Bacterial Pathogen with a Large Pan-Genome
PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005869
Immune-Complexed Adenovirus Induce AIM2-Mediated Pyroptosis in Human Dendritic Cells
PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005871
Inhibition of Malaria Infection in Transgenic Anopheline Mosquitoes Lacking Salivary Gland Cells
PLOS Pathogens: published September 6, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005872
Calcineurin Targets Involved in Stress Survival and Fungal Virulence
PLOS Pathogens: published September 9, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005873
Screen of Non-annotated Small Secreted Proteins of Pseudomonas syringae Reveals a Virulence Factor That Inhibits Tomato Immune Proteases
PLOS Pathogens: published September 7, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005874
Non-invasive Imaging of Sendai Virus Infection in Pharmacologically Immunocompromised Mice: NK and T Cells, but not Neutrophils, Promote Viral Clearance after Therapy with Cyclophosphamide and Dexamethasone
PLOS Pathogens: published September 2, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005875
Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Intrinsic Deletion of Setd7 Identifies Role for Developmental Pathways in Immunity to Helminth Infection
PLOS Pathogens: published September 6, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005876
De Novo Herpes Simplex Virus VP16 Expression Gates a Dynamic Programmatic Transition and Sets the Latent/Lytic Balance during Acute Infection in Trigeminal Ganglia
PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005877
LANA-Mediated Recruitment of Host Polycomb Repressive Complexes onto the KSHV Genome during De Novo Infection
PLOS Pathogens: published September 8, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005878
Multi-dose Romidepsin Reactivates Replication Competent SIV in Post-antiretroviral Rhesus Macaque Controllers
PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005879
The Matrix Protein of Nipah Virus Targets the E3-Ubiquitin Ligase TRIM6 to Inhibit the IKKε Kinase-Mediated Type-I IFN Antiviral Response
PLOS Pathogens: published September 13, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005880
Live Imaging of Influenza Infection of the Trachea Reveals Dynamic Regulation of CD8+ T Cell Motility by Antigen
PLOS Pathogens: published September 19, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005881
IL-1 Coordinates the Neutrophil Response to C. albicans in the Oral Mucosa
PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005882
A Bat-Derived Putative Cross-Family Recombinant Coronavirus with a Reovirus Gene
PLOS Pathogens: published September 27, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005883
The Extracellular Matrix of Candida albicans Biofilms Impairs Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps
PLOS Pathogens: published September 13, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005884
Increases in Endogenous or Exogenous Progestins Promote Virus-Target Cell Interactions within the Non-human Primate Female Reproductive Tract
PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005885
The C-terminal 18 Amino Acid Region of Dengue Virus NS5 Regulates its Subcellular Localization and Contains a Conserved Arginine Residue Essential for Infectious Virus Production
PLOS Pathogens: published September 13, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005886
Intensity of Mutualism Breakdown Is Determined by Temperature Not Amplification of Wolbachia Genes
PLOS Pathogens: published September 23, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005888
Related Articles
Microbiome Composition and Function Drives Wound-Healing Impairment in the Female Genital Tract
PLOS Pathogens: published September 22, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005889
Exceptional Heterogeneity in Viral Evolutionary Dynamics Characterises Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection
PLOS Pathogens: published September 15, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005894
The Breadth of Synthetic Long Peptide Vaccine-Induced CD8+ T Cell Responses Determines the Efficacy against Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection
PLOS Pathogens: published September 16, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005895
Costimulatory Effects of an Immunodominant Parasite Antigen Paradoxically Prevent Induction of Optimal CD8 T Cell Protective Immunity
PLOS Pathogens: published September 19, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005896
A Novel Entry/Uncoating Assay Reveals the Presence of at Least Two Species of Viral Capsids During Synchronized HIV-1 Infection
PLOS Pathogens: published September 30, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005897
Fis Is Essential for Yersinia pseudotuberculosis Virulence and Protects against Reactive Oxygen Species Produced by Phagocytic Cells during Infection
PLOS Pathogens: published September 30, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005898
SCF Ubiquitin Ligase F-box Protein Fbx15 Controls Nuclear Co-repressor Localization, Stress Response and Virulence of the Human Pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus
PLOS Pathogens: published September 20, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005899
High Resolution Mapping of Bactericidal Monoclonal Antibody Binding Epitopes on Staphylococcus aureus Antigen MntC
PLOS Pathogens: published September 30, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005908
Tbet Deficiency Causes T Helper Cell Dependent Airways Eosinophilia and Mucus Hypersecretion in Response to Rhinovirus Infection
PLOS Pathogens: published September 28, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005913
Inactivation of Prions and Amyloid Seeds with Hypochlorous Acid
PLOS Pathogens: published September 29, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005914
The Structure of Treponema pallidum Tp0751 (Pallilysin) Reveals a Non-canonical Lipocalin Fold That Mediates Adhesion to Extracellular Matrix Components and Interactions with Host Cells
PLOS Pathogens: published September 28, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005919
Human metapneumovirus Induces Reorganization of the Actin Cytoskeleton for Direct Cell-to-Cell Spread
PLOS Pathogens: published September 28, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005922