Ancient genomes reveal a high diversity of Mycobacterium leprae in medieval Europe

• Verena J. Schuenemann ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Verena J. Schuenemann, Charlotte Avanzi, Ben Krause-Kyora, Alexander Seitz

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Institute of Evolutionary Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

  ⨯
• Charlotte Avanzi ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Verena J. Schuenemann, Charlotte Avanzi, Ben Krause-Kyora, Alexander Seitz

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1062-4058

  ⨯
• Ben Krause-Kyora ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Verena J. Schuenemann, Charlotte Avanzi, Ben Krause-Kyora, Alexander Seitz

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany, Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9435-2872

  ⨯
• Alexander Seitz ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Verena J. Schuenemann, Charlotte Avanzi, Ben Krause-Kyora, Alexander Seitz

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9626-2571

  ⨯
• Alexander Herbig,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1176-1166

  ⨯
• Sarah Inskip,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7424-2094

  ⨯
• Marion Bonazzi,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany

  ⨯
• Ella Reiter,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

  ⨯
• Christian Urban,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliation Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

  ⨯
• Dorthe Dangvard Pedersen,

  Roles Investigation, Resources

  Affiliation Unit of Anthropology (ADBOU), Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense S, Denmark

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4709-9170

  ⨯
• G. Michael Taylor,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Pushpendra Singh,

  Roles Investigation

  Affiliations Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology Centre, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, India

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9453-8669

  ⨯
• Graham R. Stewart,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6867-6248

  ⨯
• Petr Velemínský,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Department of Anthropology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic

  ⨯
• Jakub Likovsky †,

  † Deceased.

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Department of Archaeology of Landscape and Archaeobiology, Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic

  ⨯
• Antónia Marcsik,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

  ⨯
• Erika Molnár,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6660-9239

  ⨯
• György Pálfi,

  Roles Funding acquisition, Resources

  Affiliation Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary

  ⨯
• Valentina Mariotti,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliations Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy, ADES AMU-CNRS- EFS: Anthropology and Health, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6956-781X

  ⨯
• Alessandro Riga,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Florence, Firenze, Italy

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7240-0009

  ⨯
• M. Giovanna Belcastro,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliations Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Bologna, Italy, ADES AMU-CNRS- EFS: Anthropology and Health, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8932-8509

  ⨯
• Jesper L. Boldsen,

  Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Unit of Anthropology (ADBOU), Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense S, Denmark

  ⨯
• Almut Nebel,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Supervision

  Affiliation Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany

  ⨯
• Simon Mays,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Historic England, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Helen D. Donoghue,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Centre for Clinical Microbiology, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-5252

  ⨯
• Sonia Zakrzewski,

  Roles Resources

  Affiliation Department of Archaeology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1796-065X

  ⨯
• Andrej Benjak,

  Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

  ⨯
• Kay Nieselt ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: kay.nieselt@uni-tuebingen.de (KN); stewart.cole@epfl.ch (STC); krause@shh.mpg.de (JK)

  Affiliation Center for Bioinformatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1283-7065

  ⨯
• Stewart T. Cole ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision

  * E-mail: kay.nieselt@uni-tuebingen.de (KN); stewart.cole@epfl.ch (STC); krause@shh.mpg.de (JK)

  Affiliations Global Health Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-5585

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• Johannes Krause

  Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: kay.nieselt@uni-tuebingen.de (KN); stewart.cole@epfl.ch (STC); krause@shh.mpg.de (JK)

  Affiliations Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9144-3920

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