About the Authors

Timothy J. Nice

nice@ohsu.edu

Affiliation Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America

Lisa C. Osborne

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Vesselin T. Tomov

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

David Artis

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, United States of America

E. John Wherry

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Herbert W. Virgin

Affiliation Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TJN HWV. Performed the experiments: TJN. Analyzed the data: TJN. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: LCO VTT DA EJW. Wrote the paper: TJN HWV.