About the Authors

Maxime Boutier

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Maygane Ronsmans

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Ping Ouyang

Current address: Key Laboratory of Animal Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Guillaume Fournier

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Anca Reschner

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Krzysztof Rakus

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Gavin S. Wilkie

Affiliation MRC—University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Frédéric Farnir

Affiliation Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Calixte Bayrou

Affiliation Pathology, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

François Lieffrig

Affiliation Fish Pathology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, CER Groupe, Marloie, Belgium

Hong Li

Affiliation USDA-ARS-ADRU, Washington State University, Pullman, Pullman, Washington, United States of America

Daniel Desmecht

Affiliation Pathology, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Andrew J. Davison

Affiliation MRC—University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Alain Vanderplasschen

A.vdplasschen@ulg.ac.be

Affiliation Immunology-Vaccinology, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium

Competing Interests

The present study was financially supported at least in part by MSD animal health. This does not alter our adherence to all PLOS policies on sharing data and materials.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MB MR AV. Performed the experiments: MB MR PO GF KR GSW FL HL AV. Analyzed the data: MB MR FF CB DD AJD AV. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AR KR GSW FL HL. Wrote the paper: MB MR FF CB AJD AV.