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Table of Contents

June 2018

Cover

Establishing a research agenda for early-onset colorectal cancer
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In this month's Editorial, Caitlin C. Murphy and Amit Singal recap population-level data on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality in the past 3 decades, documenting overall positive trends in screening, early detection of small cancers and premalignant lesions and better treatment options.

The authors then turn the focus on a different trend, seen since the 1990s, in younger patients (under the age of 50) in whom increased incidence rates have been observed continuously and discuss possible explanations, ranging from an increased number of cancers detected through screening to early-life exposure risks factors.

Image Credit: Stacey Geiger, US Air Force

Editorial

Establishing a research agenda for early-onset colorectal cancer

Caitlin C. Murphy, Amit G. Singal

PLOS Medicine: published June 1, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002577

Perspectives

Developing cardiovascular disease risk programs in India—Why location and wealth matter

David Peiris, Dorairaj Prabhakaran

PLOS Medicine: published June 19, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002582

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Antibiotic prophylaxis—Preventing severe infections and saving lives in poor countries with very high mortality risk

Keith P. Klugman, Rasa Izadnegahdar

PLOS Medicine: published June 26, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002594

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Policy Forum

The state of the antivaccine movement in the United States: A focused examination of nonmedical exemptions in states and counties

Jacqueline K. Olive, Peter J. Hotez, Ashish Damania, Melissa S. Nolan

PLOS Medicine: published June 12, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002578

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Research Articles

Estimating the real-world effects of expanding antiretroviral treatment eligibility: Evidence from a regression discontinuity analysis in Zambia

Aaloke Mody, Izukanji Sikazwe, Nancy L. Czaicki, Mwanza Wa Mwanza, Theodora Savory, Kombatende Sikombe, Laura K. Beres, Paul Somwe, Monika Roy, Jake M. Pry, Nancy Padian, Carolyn Bolton-Moore, Charles B. Holmes, Elvin H. Geng

PLOS Medicine: published June 5, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002574

A peer-support lifestyle intervention for preventing type 2 diabetes in India: A cluster-randomized controlled trial of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program

Kavumpurathu R. Thankappan, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Robyn J. Tapp, Jonathan E. Shaw, Mojtaba Lotfaliany, Rory Wolfe, Pilvikki Absetz, Elezebeth Mathews, Zahra Aziz, Emily D. Williams, Edwin B. Fisher, Paul Z. Zimmet, Ajay Mahal, Sajitha Balachandran, Fabrizio D'Esposito, Priyanka Sajeev, Emma Thomas, Brian Oldenburg

PLOS Medicine: published June 6, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002575

Academic response to improving value and reducing waste: A comprehensive framework for INcreasing QUality In patient-oriented academic clinical REsearch (INQUIRE)

Belinda von Niederhäusern, Gordon H. Guyatt, Matthias Briel, Christiane Pauli-Magnus

PLOS Medicine: published June 7, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002580

Fixed-dose combination antihypertensive medications, adherence, and clinical outcomes: A population-based retrospective cohort study

Amol A. Verma, Wayne Khuu, Mina Tadrous, Tara Gomes, Muhammad M. Mamdani

PLOS Medicine: published June 11, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002584

Estimating retention in HIV care accounting for patient transfers: A national laboratory cohort study in South Africa

Matthew P. Fox, Jacob Bor, Alana T. Brennan, William B. MacLeod, Mhairi Maskew, Wendy S. Stevens, Sergio Carmona

PLOS Medicine: published June 11, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002589

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Artemether-lumefantrine dosing for malaria treatment in young children and pregnant women: A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic meta-analysis

Frank Kloprogge, Lesley Workman, Steffen Borrmann, Mamadou Tékété, Gilbert Lefèvre, Kamal Hamed, Patrice Piola, Johan Ursing, Poul Erik Kofoed, Andreas Mårtensson, Billy Ngasala, Anders Björkman, Michael Ashton, Sofia Friberg Hietala, Francesca Aweeka, Sunil Parikh, Leah Mwai, Timothy M. E. Davis, Harin Karunajeewa, Sam Salman, Francesco Checchi, Carole Fogg, Paul N. Newton, Mayfong Mayxay, Philippe Deloron, Jean François Faucher, François Nosten, Elizabeth A. Ashley, Rose McGready, Michele van Vugt, Stephane Proux, Ric N. Price, Juntra Karbwang, Farkad Ezzet, Rajesh Bakshi, Kasia Stepniewska, Nicholas J. White, Philippe J. Guerin, Karen I. Barnes, Joel Tarning

PLOS Medicine: published June 12, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002579

Efficacy of melatonin with behavioural sleep-wake scheduling for delayed sleep-wake phase disorder: A double-blind, randomised clinical trial

Tracey L. Sletten, Michelle Magee, Jade M. Murray, Christopher J. Gordon, Nicole Lovato, David J. Kennaway, Stella M. Gwini, Delwyn J. Bartlett, Steven W. Lockley, Leon C. Lack, Ronald R. Grunstein, Shantha M. W. Rajaratnam, for the Delayed Sleep on Melatonin (DelSoM) Study Group

PLOS Medicine: published June 18, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002587

Geographic and sociodemographic variation of cardiovascular disease risk in India: A cross-sectional study of 797,540 adults

Pascal Geldsetzer, Jennifer Manne-Goehler, Michaela Theilmann, Justine I. Davies, Ashish Awasthi, Goodarz Danaei, Thomas A. Gaziano, Sebastian Vollmer, Lindsay M. Jaacks, Till Bärnighausen, Rifat Atun

PLOS Medicine: published June 19, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002581

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The association of lifetime alcohol use with mortality and cancer risk in older adults: A cohort study

Andrew T. Kunzmann, Helen G. Coleman, Wen-Yi Huang, Sonja I. Berndt

PLOS Medicine: published June 19, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002585

Trade challenges at the World Trade Organization to national noncommunicable disease prevention policies: A thematic document analysis of trade and health policy space

Pepita Barlow, Ronald Labonte, Martin McKee, David Stuckler

PLOS Medicine: published June 26, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002590

Comparing post-acute rehabilitation use, length of stay, and outcomes experienced by Medicare fee-for-service and Medicare Advantage beneficiaries with hip fracture in the United States: A secondary analysis of administrative data

Amit Kumar, Momotazur Rahman, Amal N. Trivedi, Linda Resnik, Pedro Gozalo, Vincent Mor

PLOS Medicine: published June 26, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002592

Single-dose oral ciprofloxacin prophylaxis as a response to a meningococcal meningitis epidemic in the African meningitis belt: A 3-arm, open-label, cluster-randomized trial

Matthew E. Coldiron, Bachir Assao, Anne-Laure Page, Matt D. T. Hitchings, Gabriel Alcoba, Iza Ciglenecki, Céline Langendorf, Christopher Mambula, Eric Adehossi, Fati Sidikou, Elhadji Ibrahim Tassiou, Victoire De Lastours, Rebecca F. Grais

PLOS Medicine: published June 26, 2018 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002593

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