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October 2026

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Interest has grown in the potential health effects of ultra-processed foods, which now contribute substantially to daily energy intake among US adults. However, ultra-processed foods encompass a wide range of products, including some that contain dietary components linked to lower colorectal cancer risk and others associated with higher risk, making their overall relationship with colorectal cancer difficult to interpret. In this study, Leila Abar and colleagues examine associations between ultra-processed food intake and colorectal cancer incidence in a large prospective cohort, finding no overall association and suggesting that the nutritional composition of these foods may be more relevant than their level of processing alone.

Image Credit: Disiana Caballero, Unsplash

Editorial

Breast cancer treatment: When less is more

Katarzyna Starowicz, on behalf of the PLOS Medicine Staff Editors

Policy Forums

How do we monitor doxy-PEP impact and when should we consider revisiting guidelines?

Yonatan H. Grad, Rachel Mittelstaedt, Remco P. H. Peters

Challenges and recommendations for implementation of oncology clinical practice guidelines in China

Minzhi Lv, Duanduan Yuan, Yue Suo, Fang Ding, Lijuan Hu, Lei Cao, Yi Wang, Jing Lei, Shenglan Tang, Tianshu Liu

Guidelines and Guidance

Guidance for defining outcomes in clinical trials

Xiangji Ying, Tianjing Li, Joanne E. McKenzie, Matthew J. Page, Kiran Ninan, Jean-Pierre Oberste, Colby J. Vorland, Andrew W. Brown, Riaz Qureshi, Nicholas J. DeVito, Ian J. Saldanha, Martin Offringa, Nancy J. Butcher, Sirui Zhang, Phi-Yen Nguyen, Joe Menke, Veronica Ka Wai Lai, Halil Kilicoglu, Evan Mayo-Wilson

Research Articles

Potential health impacts and costs of active case finding guided by Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunoreactivity survey results in Blantyre, Malawi: A mathematical modeling study

Sun Kim, Melike Hazal Can, Hannah M. Rickman, Mphatso D. Phiri, Marriott Nliwasa, Tisungane E. Mwenyenkulu, Kuzani Mbendera, Stéphane Verguet, Marcia C. Castro, Elizabeth L. Corbett, Peter MacPherson, Ted Cohen, Nicolas A. Menzies

Genotype-informed docosahexaenoic acid dosing based on the FADS Indel to reduce preterm and prolonged gestation: A secondary analysis of the ADORE randomized trial

Yan Ning Li, Kumar S. D. Kothapalli, Susan E. Carlson, Byron J. Gajewski, Emily A. DeFranco, J. Thomas Brenna

Maternal opioid prescriptions and subsequent risk of hospital admission in offspring in South Korea: A nationwide birth cohort study

Hyeon Jin Kim, Yesol Yim, Christa J. Nehs, Jaeyu Park, Eun Soo Kim, Sung Joon Cho, Guillaume Fond, Laurent Boyer, Jiseung Kang, Dong Keon Yon

Evaluating the impact and cost-effectiveness of typhoid conjugate vaccine schedules across diverse settings: A multi-model comparison

Catherine G. C. Wenger, Kyra H. Grantz, Tigist F. Menkir, Alina M. Muellenmeister, Zeaan Pithawala, Raymond Hutubessy, Vittal Mogasale, Alicia N. M. Kraay, Nick Scott, Romesh G. Abeysuriya, Jason R. Andrews, Jillian Gauld, Nathan C. Lo, Virginia E. Pitzer

Associations of food processing and dietary risk factors with colorectal cancer incidence in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study: A cohort study

Leila Abar, Caitlin P. O’Connell, Hyokyoung G. Hong, Kirsten A. Herrick, Lisa Kahle, Jennifer L. Lerman, Linda M. Liao, Xuehong Zhang, Xinyuan Zhang, Longgang Zhao, Sémi Zouiouich, Rashmi Sinha, Neha Khandpur, Eurídice Martínez Steele, Erikka Loftfield

Associations of major congenital anomalies, long-term health conditions, and socioeconomic deprivation with educational attainment in Wales: A population-based data linkage study

Ieuan Scanlon, Anna Rawlings, David Tucker, Daniel S. Thayer, Hywel T. Evans, Joanne Given, Sam Jones, Maria Loane, Chloe Morgan, Joan K. Morris, Sue Jordan

Plasma proteomic signatures of subclinical atherosclerosis progression for cardiovascular risk stratification: A cohort study

Yani Huang, Ruixin Gao, Jianxin Li, Bin Yang, Keyong Huang, Shufeng Chen, Jie Cao, Xiaoqing Liu, Chong Shen, Ling Yu, Liancheng Zhao, Ying Li, Dongsheng Hu, Jianfeng Huang, Bin Lu, Dongfeng Gu, Fangchao Liu, Xiangfeng Lu

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