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Table of Contents

April 2016

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Clinical Implications of Cancer Genomics: A Call for Papers
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Aging of populations in many countries around the world means that the incidence of cancer, a disease of ageing, can be expected to increase steadily. In addition to meeting the growing need for care of oncology patients, development of new and improved cancer treatments is therefore an important priority. In this month’s Editorial, we discuss progress in cancer genomics that promises to inform diagnosis, disease stratification, and research on targeted cancer therapies. We invite submission of translational and clinical research studies to PLOS Medicine for a special issue on the topic to be published in late 2016, for which Drs Elaine Mardis and Marc Ladanyi will serve as Guest Editors.

Image Credit: NIH, Flickr

Editorial

Clinical Implications of Cancer Genomics: A Call for Papers

The PLOS Medicine Editors

PLOS Medicine: published April 26, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002016

Essays

Why Are Some Population Interventions for Diet and Obesity More Equitable and Effective Than Others? The Role of Individual Agency

Jean Adams, Oliver Mytton, Martin White, Pablo Monsivais

PLOS Medicine: published April 5, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001990

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  1. Correction: Why Are Some Population Interventions for Diet and Obesity More Equitable and Effective Than Others? The Role of Individual Agency

The Future of the RTS,S/AS01 Malaria Vaccine: An Alternative Development Plan

Roly Gosling, Lorenz von Seidlein

PLOS Medicine: published April 12, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001994

Perspectives

The Chernobyl Disaster and Beyond: Implications of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030

Amina Aitsi-Selmi, Virginia Murray

PLOS Medicine: published April 25, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002017

The ITA.LI.CA Staging System: A Novel Staging System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Neehar D. Parikh, Amit G. Singal

PLOS Medicine: published April 26, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002005

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  1. Development and Validation of a New Prognostic System for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Child Homicide: A Global Public Health Concern

Delan Devakumar, David Osrin

PLOS Medicine: published April 26, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002004

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  1. Gender Differences in Homicide of Neonates, Infants, and Children under 5 y in South Africa: Results from the Cross-Sectional 2009 National Child Homicide Study

Is There Evidence of Poorer Birth Outcomes for Mothers and Babies When the Most Senior Obstetrician Is Not On Site?

Jenny E. Myers, Edward D. Johnstone

PLOS Medicine: published April 19, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002001

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  1. Birth “Out-of-Hours”: An Evaluation of Obstetric Practice and Outcome According to the Presence of Senior Obstetricians on the Labour Ward

Health in Action

Mobile Phones As Surveillance Tools: Implementing and Evaluating a Large-Scale Intersectoral Surveillance System for Rabies in Tanzania

Zacharia Mtema, Joel Changalucha, Sarah Cleaveland, Martin Elias, Heather M. Ferguson, Jo E. B. Halliday, Daniel T. Haydon, Gurdeep Jaswant, Rudovick Kazwala, Gerry F. Killeen, Tiziana Lembo, Kennedy Lushasi, Alpha D. Malishee, Rebecca Mancy, Matthew Maziku, Eberhard M. Mbunda, Geofrey J. M. Mchau, Roderick Murray-Smith, Kristyna Rysava, Khadija Said, Maganga Sambo, Elizabeth Shayo, Lwitiko Sikana, Sunny E Townsend, Honorathy Urassa, Katie Hampson

PLOS Medicine: published April 12, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002002

Policy Forums

Building Learning Health Systems to Accelerate Research and Improve Outcomes of Clinical Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Mike English, Grace Irimu, Ambrose Agweyu, David Gathara, Jacquie Oliwa, Philip Ayieko, Fred Were, Chris Paton, Sean Tunis, Christopher B. Forrest

PLOS Medicine: published April 12, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001991

Observational Evidence of For-Profit Delivery and Inferior Nursing Home Care: When Is There Enough Evidence for Policy Change?

Lisa A. Ronald, Margaret J. McGregor, Charlene Harrington, Allyson Pollock, Joel Lexchin

PLOS Medicine: published April 19, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001995

Collection Review

The Vast and Varied Global Burden of Norovirus: Prospects for Prevention and Control

Benjamin A. Lopman, Duncan Steele, Carl D. Kirkwood, Umesh D. Parashar

PLOS Medicine: published April 26, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001999

Research Articles

The Impact of Hotspot-Targeted Interventions on Malaria Transmission in Rachuonyo South District in the Western Kenyan Highlands: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

Teun Bousema, Gillian Stresman, Amrish Y. Baidjoe, John Bradley, Philip Knight, William Stone, Victor Osoti, Euniah Makori, Chrispin Owaga, Wycliffe Odongo, Pauline China, Shehu Shagari, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Robert W. Sauerwein, Simon Kariuki, Chris Drakeley, Jennifer Stevenson, Jonathan Cox

PLOS Medicine: published April 12, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001993

The Association between Sulfonylurea Use and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Dimitris Varvaki Rados, Lana Catani Pinto, Luciana Reck Remonti, Cristiane Bauermann Leitão, Jorge Luiz Gross

PLOS Medicine: published April 12, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001992

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  1. Correction: The Association between Sulfonylurea Use and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: A Meta-Analysis with Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

A Nested Case–Control Study of Metabolically Defined Body Size Phenotypes and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

Neil Murphy, Amanda J. Cross, Mustapha Abubakar, Mazda Jenab, Krasimira Aleksandrova, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault, Laure Dossus, Antoine Racine, Tilman Kühn, Verena A. Katzke, Anne Tjønneland, Kristina E. N. Petersen, Kim Overvad, J. Ramón Quirós, Paula Jakszyn, Esther Molina-Montes, Miren Dorronsoro, José-María Huerta, Aurelio Barricarte, Kay-Tee Khaw, Nick Wareham, Ruth C. Travis, Antonia Trichopoulou, Pagona Lagiou, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Giovanna Masala, Vittorio Krogh, Rosario Tumino, Paolo Vineis, Salvatore Panico, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Peter D. Siersema, Petra H. Peeters, Bodil Ohlsson, Ulrika Ericson, Richard Palmqvist, Hanna Nyström, Elisabete Weiderpass, Guri Skeie, Heinz Freisling, So Yeon Kong, Kostas Tsilidis, David C. Muller, Elio Riboli, Marc J Gunter

PLOS Medicine: published April 5, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001988

Risk of Bias in Systematic Reviews of Non-Randomized Studies of Adverse Cardiovascular Effects of Thiazolidinediones and Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors: Application of a New Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool

Anja Bilandzic, Tiffany Fitzpatrick, Laura Rosella, David Henry

PLOS Medicine: published April 5, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001987

Experimental Treatment of Ebola Virus Disease with TKM-130803: A Single-Arm Phase 2 Clinical Trial

Jake Dunning, Foday Sahr, Amanda Rojek, Fiona Gannon, Gail Carson, Baimba Idriss, Thomas Massaquoi, Regina Gandi, Sebatu Joseph, Hassan K. Osman, Timothy J. G. Brooks, Andrew J. H. Simpson, Ian Goodfellow, Lucy Thorne, Armando Arias, Laura Merson, Lyndsey Castle, Rebecca Howell-Jones, Raul Pardinaz-Solis, Benjamin Hope-Gill, Mauricio Ferri, Jennifer Grove, Mark Kowalski, Kasia Stepniewska, Trudie Lang, John Whitehead, Piero Olliaro, Mohammed Samai, Peter W. Horby, for the RAPIDE-TKM trial team

PLOS Medicine: published April 19, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001997

Underweight, Markers of Cachexia, and Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Cohort Study of Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries

Emily M. Bucholz, Hannah A Krumholz, Harlan M. Krumholz

PLOS Medicine: published April 19, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001998

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  1. Correction: Underweight, Markers of Cachexia, and Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Prospective Cohort Study of Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries

Birth “Out-of-Hours”: An Evaluation of Obstetric Practice and Outcome According to the Presence of Senior Obstetricians on the Labour Ward

Hannah E. Knight, Jan H. van der Meulen, Ipek Gurol-Urganci, Gordon C. Smith, Amit Kiran, Steve Thornton, David Richmond, Alan Cameron, David A. Cromwell

PLOS Medicine: published April 19, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002000

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  1. Is There Evidence of Poorer Birth Outcomes for Mothers and Babies When the Most Senior Obstetrician Is Not On Site?

Gender Differences in Homicide of Neonates, Infants, and Children under 5 y in South Africa: Results from the Cross-Sectional 2009 National Child Homicide Study

Naeemah Abrahams, Shanaaz Mathews, Lorna J. Martin, Carl Lombard, Nadine Nannan, Rachel Jewkes

PLOS Medicine: published April 26, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002003

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Development and Validation of a New Prognostic System for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Fabio Farinati, Alessandro Vitale, Gaya Spolverato, Timothy M. Pawlik, Teh-la Huo, Yun-Hsuan Lee, Anna Chiara Frigo, Anna Giacomin, Edoardo G. Giannini, Francesca Ciccarese, Fabio Piscaglia, Gian Lodovico Rapaccini, Mariella Di Marco, Eugenio Caturelli, Marco Zoli, Franco Borzio, Giuseppe Cabibbo, Martina Felder, Rodolfo Sacco, Filomena Morisco, Elisabetta Biasini, Francesco Giuseppe Foschi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Gianluca Svegliati Baroni, Roberto Virdone, Alberto Masotto, Franco Trevisani, Umberto Cillo, ITA.LI.CA study group

PLOS Medicine: published April 26, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002006

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Disentangling the Association between Statins, Cholesterol, and Colorectal Cancer: A Nested Case-Control Study

Ronac Mamtani, James D. Lewis, Frank I. Scott, Tariq Ahmad, David S. Goldberg, Jashodeep Datta, Yu-Xiao Yang, Ben Boursi

PLOS Medicine: published April 26, 2016 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002007