Postmortem investigations and identification of multiple causes of child deaths: An analysis of findings from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network

Robert F. Breiman; Dianna M. Blau; Portia Mutevedzi; Victor Akelo; Inacio Mandomando; Ikechukwu U. Ogbuanu; Samba O. Sow; Lola Madrid; Shams El Arifeen; Mischka Garel; Nana Bukiwe Thwala; Dickens Onyango; Antonio Sitoe; Ima-Abasi Bassey; Adama Mamby Keita; Addisu Alemu; Muntasir Alam; Sana Mahtab; Dickson Gethi; Rosauro Varo; Julius Ojulong; Solomon Samura; Ashka Mehta; Alexander M. Ibrahim; Afruna Rahman; Pio Vitorino; Vicky L. Baillie; Janet Agaya; Milagritos D. Tapia; Nega Assefa; Atique Iqbal Chowdhury; J. Anthony G. Scott; Emily S. Gurley; Karen L. Kotloff; Amara Jambai; Quique Bassat; Beth A. Tippett-Barr; Shabir A. Madhi; Cynthia G. Whitney; the CHAMPS Consortium

doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003814

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Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Postmortem investigations and identification of multiple causes of child deaths: An analysis of findings from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network

Robert F. Breiman ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert F. Breiman, Dianna M. Blau

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

* E-mail: rfbreiman@emory.edu

Affiliations Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-2936

⨯
Dianna M. Blau ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Robert F. Breiman, Dianna M. Blau

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
⨯
Portia Mutevedzi,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
⨯
Victor Akelo,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7518-2855

⨯
Inacio Mandomando,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Manhica, Mozambique, Instituto Nacional de Saúde [INS], Manhiça, Mozambique

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1078-2187

⨯
Ikechukwu U. Ogbuanu,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Crown Agents, Freetown, Sierra Leone

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0670-6026

⨯
Samba O. Sow,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
⨯
Lola Madrid,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
⨯
Shams El Arifeen,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5372-5932

⨯
Mischka Garel,

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
⨯
Nana Bukiwe Thwala,

Roles Investigation

Affiliations South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3948-3121

⨯
Dickens Onyango,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kisumu County, Kenya Department of Health, Kisumu, Kenya

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1634-0531

⨯
Antonio Sitoe,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Manhica, Mozambique
⨯
Ima-Abasi Bassey,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation ICAP–Columbia University, Makeni, Sierra Leone

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8914-3638

⨯
Adama Mamby Keita,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Centre pour le Développement des Vaccins (CVD-Mali), Ministère de la Santé, Bamako, Mali
⨯
Addisu Alemu,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8219-6259

⨯
Muntasir Alam,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
⨯
Sana Mahtab,

Roles Investigation

Affiliations South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
⨯
Dickson Gethi,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya
⨯
Rosauro Varo,

Roles Investigation

Affiliations Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Manhica, Mozambique, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4282-5572

⨯
Julius Ojulong,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation ICAP–Columbia University, Makeni, Sierra Leone

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2200-8954

⨯
Solomon Samura,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation World Hope International, Makeni, Sierra Leone
⨯
Ashka Mehta,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
⨯
Alexander M. Ibrahim,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4774-5416

⨯
Afruna Rahman,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7693-2491

⨯
Pio Vitorino,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Manhica, Mozambique
⨯
Vicky L. Baillie,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1327-9090

⨯
Janet Agaya,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Center for Global Health Research, Kisumu, Kenya

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1251-6621

⨯
Milagritos D. Tapia,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
⨯
Nega Assefa,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0341-2329

⨯
Atique Iqbal Chowdhury,

Roles Investigation

Affiliation International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9140-5983

⨯
J. Anthony G. Scott,

Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7533-5006

⨯
Emily S. Gurley,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations International Center for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8648-9403

⨯
Karen L. Kotloff,

Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
⨯
Amara Jambai,

Roles Investigation, Supervision

Affiliation Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
⨯
Quique Bassat,

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça [CISM], Manhica, Mozambique, ISGlobal, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital de Sant Joan de Deu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain, Consorcio de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0875-7596

⨯
Beth A. Tippett-Barr,

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-Kenya, Kisumu, Kenya

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5877-2968

⨯
Shabir A. Madhi,

Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa, Department of Science and Innovation/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7629-0636

⨯
Cynthia G. Whitney,

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America, Emory Global Health Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
⨯
[ ... ],
the CHAMPS Consortium

¶Membership of the CHAMPS Consortium is provided in the Acknowledgments.
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Postmortem investigations and identification of multiple causes of child deaths: An analysis of findings from the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) network

Robert F. Breiman,
Dianna M. Blau,
Portia Mutevedzi,
Victor Akelo,
Inacio Mandomando,
Ikechukwu U. Ogbuanu,
Samba O. Sow,
Lola Madrid,
Shams El Arifeen,
Mischka Garel

Published: September 30, 2021
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003814

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