Impact of common genetic determinants of Hemoglobin A1c on type 2 diabetes risk and diagnosis in ancestrally diverse populations: A transethnic genome-wide meta-analysis

• Eleanor Wheeler ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ EW and AL also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Aaron Leong ,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  ¶‡ EW and AL also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ching-Ti Liu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0742

  ⨯
• Marie-France Hivert,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-2585

  ⨯
• Rona J. Strawbridge,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Universitetsjukhuset, Solna, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8506-3585

  ⨯
• Clara Podmore,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2452-8067

  ⨯
• Man Li,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Division of Nephrology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America, Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3839-0281

  ⨯
• Jie Yao,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Xueling Sim,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1233-7642

  ⨯
• Jaeyoung Hong,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Audrey Y. Chu,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Weihua Zhang,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Xu Wang,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Peng Chen,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America, Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1422-4641

  ⨯
• Nisa M. Maruthur,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Bianca C. Porneala,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Stephen J. Sharp,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2375-1440

  ⨯
• Yucheng Jia,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Edmond K. Kabagambe,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America

  ⨯
• Li-Ching Chang,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

  ⨯
• Wei-Min Chen,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of Virginia Center for Public Health Genomics, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Cathy E. Elks,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Personalised Healthcare & Biomarkers, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Daniel S. Evans,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4185-7687

  ⨯
• Qiao Fan,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Franco Giulianini,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Min Jin Go,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea

  ⨯
• Jouke-Jan Hottenga,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

  ⨯
• Yao Hu,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

  ⨯
• Anne U. Jackson,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

  ⨯
• Stavroula Kanoni,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Young Jin Kim,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4132-4437

  ⨯
• Marcus E. Kleber,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany

  ⨯
• Claes Ladenvall,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7501-6598

  ⨯
• Cecile Lecoeur,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-6417

  ⨯
• Sing-Hui Lim,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3793-9658

  ⨯
• Yingchang Lu,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America

  ⨯
• Anubha Mahajan,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Carola Marzi,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Munich, Munich, Germany

  ⨯
• Mike A. Nalls,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, United States of America, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Pau Navarro,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5576-8584

  ⨯
• Ilja M. Nolte,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

  ⨯
• Lynda M. Rose,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Denis V. Rybin,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America, Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Serena Sanna,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3768-1749

  ⨯
• Yuan Shi,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Daniel O. Stram,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Fumihiko Takeuchi,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-5661

  ⨯
• Shu Pei Tan,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Peter J. van der Most,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8450-3518

  ⨯
• Jana V. Van Vliet-Ostaptchouk,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7943-3153

  ⨯
• Andrew Wong,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-4779

  ⨯
• Loic Yengo,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-9305

  ⨯
• Wanting Zhao,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Anuj Goel,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Maria Teresa Martinez Larrad,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain

  ⨯
• Dörte Radke,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

  ⨯
• Perttu Salo,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland, University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Finland (FIMM) and Diabetes and Obesity Research Program, Helsinki, Finland

  ⨯
• Toshiko Tanaka,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4161-3829

  ⨯
• Erik P. A. van Iperen,

  Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands

  ⨯
• Goncalo Abecasis,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

  ⨯
• Saima Afaq,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Behrooz Z. Alizadeh,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1415-8007

  ⨯
• Alain G. Bertoni,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America

  ⨯
• Amelie Bonnefond,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France

  ⨯
• Yvonne Böttcher,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Integrated Research and Treatment (IFB) Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

  ⨯
• Erwin P. Bottinger,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6868-6676

  ⨯
• Harry Campbell,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6169-6262

  ⨯
• Olga D. Carlson,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-7178

  ⨯
• Chien-Hsiun Chen,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan

  ⨯
• Yoon Shin Cho,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea, Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, South Korea

  ⨯
• W. Timothy Garvey,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, United States of America

  ⨯
• Christian Gieger,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

  ⨯
• Mark O. Goodarzi,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Harald Grallert,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Partner Munich, Munich, Germany

  ⨯
• Anders Hamsten,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Universitetsjukhuset, Solna, Sweden

  ⨯
• Catharina A. Hartman,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

  ⨯
• Christian Herder,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2050-093X

  ⨯
• Chao Agnes Hsiung,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jie Huang,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Boston VA Research Institute, Inc., Boston, MA, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9441-4698

  ⨯
• Michiya Igase,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan

  ⨯
• Masato Isono,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

  ⨯
• Tomohiro Katsuya,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan, Department of Geriatric Medicine and Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8892-8828

  ⨯
• Chiea-Chuen Khor,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Wieland Kiess,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center of Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Dept. of Women's & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, LIFE Child, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

  ⨯
• Katsuhiko Kohara,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan

  ⨯
• Peter Kovacs,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Integrated Research and Treatment (IFB) Center Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-5423

  ⨯
• Juyoung Lee,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea

  ⨯
• Wen-Jane Lee,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-8129

  ⨯
• Benjamin Lehne,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Huaixing Li,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

  ⨯
• Jianjun Liu,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Stephane Lobbens,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur of Lille, UMR 8199—EGID, Lille, France

  ⨯
• Jian'an Luan,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Valeriya Lyssenko,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden

  ⨯
• Thomas Meitinger,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany, Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany

  ⨯
• Tetsuro Miki,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Geriatric Medicine, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan

  ⨯
• Iva Miljkovic,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3155-9777

  ⨯
• Sanghoon Moon,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea

  ⨯
• Antonella Mulas,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy

  ⨯
• Gabriele Müller,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, University Hospital and Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1591-0539

  ⨯
• Martina Müller-Nurasyid,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany

  ⨯
• Ramaiah Nagaraja,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory of Genetics, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Matthias Nauck,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

  ⨯
• James S. Pankow,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ozren Polasek,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations University of Split, Split, Croatia, Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Inga Prokopenko,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Paula S. Ramos,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9433-6634

  ⨯
• Laura Rasmussen-Torvik,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America

  ⨯
• Wolfgang Rathmann,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany

  ⨯
• Stephen S. Rich,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Neil R. Robertson,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Michael Roden,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Institute for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany

  ⨯
• Ronan Roussel,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations INSERM, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordelier, Paris, France, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR de Médecine, Paris, France, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Paris, France

  ⨯
• Igor Rudan,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Robert A. Scott,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• William R. Scott,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Bengt Sennblad,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Universitetsjukhuset, Solna, Sweden, Science for life laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden

  ⨯
• David S. Siscovick,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

  ⨯
• Konstantin Strauch,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany, Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany

  ⨯
• Liang Sun,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

  ⨯
• Morris Swertz,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0979-3401

  ⨯
• Salman M. Tajuddin,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Health Disparities Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7919-8528

  ⨯
• Kent D. Taylor,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Yik-Ying Teo,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Yih Chung Tham,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Anke Tönjes,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

  ⨯
• Nicholas J. Wareham,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1422-2993

  ⨯
• Gonneke Willemsen,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

  ⨯
• Tom Wilsgaard,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Dept of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway

  ⨯
• Aroon D. Hingorani,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8365-0081

  ⨯
• EPIC-CVD Consortium ,

  ¶Membership of the EPIC-CVD Consortium, EPIC-InterAct Consortium, and Lifelines Cohort Study is provided in the Acknowledgments

  ⨯
• EPIC-InterAct Consortium ,

  ¶Membership of the EPIC-CVD Consortium, EPIC-InterAct Consortium, and Lifelines Cohort Study is provided in the Acknowledgments

  ⨯
• Lifelines Cohort Study ,

  ¶Membership of the EPIC-CVD Consortium, EPIC-InterAct Consortium, and Lifelines Cohort Study is provided in the Acknowledgments

  ⨯
• Josephine Egan,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Luigi Ferrucci,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6273-1613

  ⨯
• G. Kees Hovingh,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands

  ⨯
• Antti Jula,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland

  ⨯
• Mika Kivimaki,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-5627

  ⨯
• Meena Kumari,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom, Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Inger Njølstad,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Dept of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway

  ⨯
• Colin N. A. Palmer,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Pat Macpherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6415-6560

  ⨯
• Manuel Serrano Ríos,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain

  ⨯
• Michael Stumvoll,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

  ⨯
• Hugh Watkins,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Tin Aung,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Matthias Blüher,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine; University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

  ⨯
• Michael Boehnke,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

  ⨯
• Dorret I. Boomsma,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-7972

  ⨯
• Stefan R. Bornstein,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Dept of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany

  ⨯
• John C. Chambers,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, United Kingdom, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Daniel I. Chasman,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Yii-Der Ida Chen,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Yduan-Tsong Chen,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan

  ⨯
• Ching-Yu Cheng,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Francesco Cucca,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, Monserrato, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Università di Sassari, Italy

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-1995

  ⨯
• Eco J. C. de Geus,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6022-2666

  ⨯
• Panos Deloukas,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  ⨯
• Michele K. Evans,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Health Disparities Unit, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Myriam Fornage,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America

  ⨯
• Yechiel Friedlander,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6783-3531

  ⨯
• Philippe Froguel,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Genomics of Common Disease, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, CNRS 8199-Lille University, France

  ⨯
• Leif Groop,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland

  ⨯
• Myron D. Gross,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

  ⨯
• Tamara B. Harris,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Caroline Hayward,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Chew-Kiat Heng,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children’s Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7309-9473

  ⨯
• Erik Ingelsson,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Norihiro Kato,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Gene Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

  ⨯
• Bong-Jo Kim,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Structural and Functional Genomics, Center for Genome Science, Korean National Institute of Health, Osong, Chungchungbuk-do, South Korea

  ⨯
• Woon-Puay Koh,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Jaspal S. Kooner,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Southall, Middlesex, United Kingdom, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Antje Körner,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Center of Pediatric Research, University Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Dept. of Women's & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany, LIFE Child, LIFE Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

  ⨯
• Diana Kuh,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Johanna Kuusisto,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

  ⨯
• Markku Laakso,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

  ⨯
• Xu Lin,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation The Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

  ⨯
• Yongmei Liu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America

  ⨯
• Ruth J. F. Loos,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America, The Mindich Child Health Development Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America

  ⨯
• Patrik K. E. Magnusson,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7315-7899

  ⨯
• Winfried März,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany, Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria, Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany

  ⨯
• Mark I. McCarthy,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4393-0510

  ⨯
• Albertine J. Oldehinkel,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3925-3913

  ⨯
• Ken K. Ong,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4689-7530

  ⨯
• Nancy L. Pedersen,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Insitutet, Stockholm, Sweden

  ⨯
• Mark A. Pereira,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6704-5276

  ⨯
• Annette Peters,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6645-0985

  ⨯
• Paul M. Ridker,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Charumathi Sabanayagam,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4042-4719

  ⨯
• Michele Sale,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1644-9040

  ⨯
• Danish Saleheen,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan

  ⨯
• Juha Saltevo,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Central Hospital, Central Finland, Jyväskylä, Finland

  ⨯
• Peter EH. Schwarz,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Dept of Medicine III, University of Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany

  ⨯
• Wayne H. H. Sheu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Division of Endocrine and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan

  ⨯
• Harold Snieder,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

  ⨯
• Timothy D. Spector,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Yasuharu Tabara,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan

  ⨯
• Jaakko Tuomilehto,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Chronic Disease Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Dasman, Kuwait, Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria, Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Fahd Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

  ⨯
• Rob M. van Dam,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7354-8734

  ⨯
• James G. Wilson,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States of America

  ⨯
• James F. Wilson,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5751-9178

  ⨯
• Bruce H. R. Wolffenbuttel,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands

  ⨯
• Tien Yin Wong,

  Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia Level 6, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore, Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-1264

  ⨯
• Jer-Yuarn Wu,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan

  ⨯
• Jian-Min Yuan,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4620-3108

  ⨯
• Alan B. Zonderman,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Laboratory of Epidemiology & Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Nicole Soranzo,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Xiuqing Guo,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• David J. Roberts,

  Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Biomedical Research Centre Oxford Haematology Theme and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom, NHS Blood and Transplant, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom

  ⨯
• Jose C. Florez,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America, Diabetes Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America, Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Robert Sladek,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2730-1204

  ⨯
• Josée Dupuis,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-3603

  ⨯
• Andrew P. Morris,

  Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6805-6014

  ⨯
• E-Shyong Tai,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore

  ⨯
• Elizabeth Selvin,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Division of General Internal Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America, Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jerome I. Rotter,

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, LABioMed at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America

  ⨯
• Claudia Langenberg,

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5017-7344

  ⨯
• Inês Barroso ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Inês Barroso, James B. Meigs

  Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jmeigs@partners.org (JBM); ib1@sanger.ac.uk (IB)

  Affiliations Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5800-4520

  ⨯
•  [ ... ],
• James B. Meigs

  Contributed equally to this work with: Inês Barroso, James B. Meigs

  Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

  * E-mail: jmeigs@partners.org (JBM); ib1@sanger.ac.uk (IB)

  Affiliations Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America, Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States of America

  ⨯
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