Investigating the Causal Relationship of C-Reactive Protein with 32 Complex Somatic and Psychiatric Outcomes: A Large-Scale Cross-Consortium Mendelian Randomization Study

• Bram. P. Prins ,

  * E-mail: bram.prins@sanger.ac.uk (BPP); b.z.alizadeh@umcg.nl (BZA)

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom

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• Ali Abbasi ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ali Abbasi, Anson Wong, Ahmad Vaez

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

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• Anson Wong ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ali Abbasi, Anson Wong, Ahmad Vaez

  Affiliations Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7269-9429

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• Ahmad Vaez ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ali Abbasi, Anson Wong, Ahmad Vaez

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

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• Ilja Nolte,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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• Nora Franceschini,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Philip E. Stuart,

  Affiliation Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

  http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9546-6529

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• Javier Guterriez Achury,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

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• Vanisha Mistry,

  Affiliations Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust–MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

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• Jonathan P. Bradfield,

  Affiliation Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America

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• Ana M. Valdes,

  Affiliation Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

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• Jose Bras,

  Affiliation Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

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• Aleksey Shatunov,

  Affiliation Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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• PAGE Consortium,

  Affiliation Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

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• International Stroke Genetics Consortium,

  Affiliation Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• Systemic Sclerosis consortium,

  Affiliations Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain

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• Treat OA consortium,

  Affiliation Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece

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• DIAGRAM Consortium,

  Affiliation Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

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• CARDIoGRAMplusC4D Consortium,

  Affiliation Institut für Integrative und Experimentelle Genomik, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

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• ALS consortium,

  Affiliation Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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• International Parkinson’s Disease Genomics Consortium,

  Affiliation Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

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• Autism Spectrum Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,

  Affiliation McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• CKDGen consortium,

  Affiliation NHLBI’s Framingham Heart Study, Center for Population Studies and Harvard Medical School, Framingham, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• GERAD1 Consortium,

  Affiliation Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• International Consortium for Blood Pressure,

  Affiliation NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

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• Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium,

  Affiliation MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, United Kingdom

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• Inflammation Working Group of the CHARGE Consortium,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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• Chen Lu,

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Buhm Han,

  Affiliation Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Soumya Raychaudhuri,

  Affiliations Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Division of Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Partners HealthCare Center for Personalized Genetic Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

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• Steve Bevan,

  Affiliation Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• Maureen D. Mayes,

  Affiliation Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America

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• Lam C. Tsoi,

  Affiliations Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

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• Evangelos Evangelou,

  Affiliations Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Rajan P. Nair,

  Affiliation Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

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• Struan F. A. Grant,

  Affiliations Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

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• Constantin Polychronakos,

  Affiliation Endocrine Genetics Research Institute, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

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• Timothy R. D. Radstake,

  Affiliation Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

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• David A. van Heel,

  Affiliation Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

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• Melanie L. Dunstan,

  Affiliation Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

  http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3817-2142

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• Nicholas W. Wood,

  Affiliation Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom

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• Ammar Al-Chalabi,

  Affiliations Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom, Complex Disease Genetics, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America

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• Abbas Dehghan,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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• Hakon Hakonarson,

  Affiliations Center for Applied Genomics, Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, United States of America, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States of America

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• Hugh S. Markus,

  Affiliation Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• James T. Elder,

  Affiliation Department of Dermatology, Veterans Affairs Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

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• Jo Knight,

  Affiliations Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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• Dan E. Arking,

  Affiliation McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine and Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Timothy D. Spector,

  Affiliation Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Bobby P. C. Koeleman,

  Affiliation Complex Genetic Section, Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands

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• Cornelia M. van Duijn,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands

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• Javier Martin,

  Affiliation Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain

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• Andrew P. Morris,

  Affiliations Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Rinse K. Weersma,

  Affiliation Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

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• Cisca Wijmenga,

  Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

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• Patricia B. Munroe,

  Affiliations NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom

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• John R. B. Perry,

  Affiliation MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• Jennie G. Pouget,

  Affiliations Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

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• Yalda Jamshidi,

  Affiliation Cardiogenetics Lab, Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Institute, St George’s Hospital Medical School, London, United Kingdom

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• Harold Snieder,

  Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

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•  [ ... ],
• Behrooz Z. Alizadeh

  * E-mail: bram.prins@sanger.ac.uk (BPP); b.z.alizadeh@umcg.nl (BZA)

  Affiliations Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands

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