During haptic communication, the central nervous system compensates distinctly for delay and noise
Fig 2
A: Participants tracked a randomly moving target with their wrist flexion/extension movement while being connected to a reactive robot partner (RP). B: The experimental protocol for the delay group [15] and noise group. The grey boxes represent the familiarization/washout trials and the colourful blocks are the experimental conditions. Both groups started with the solo condition (i.e. without interacting with a RP). They then were connected with a RP without delay/noise. Subsequently, the delay/noise was increased in every block. After each block, participants were asked to fill in a questionnaire. The order of the blocks was the same for all participants.