About the Authors

Cecilia Di Bernardi

Contributed equally to this work with: Cecilia Di Bernardi, Guillaume Chapron

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

cecilia.di.bernardi@slu.se

Affiliation Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden

Guillaume Chapron

Contributed equally to this work with: Cecilia Di Bernardi, Guillaume Chapron

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden

Petra Kaczensky

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Stor Elvdal, Norway, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Vienna, Austria

Francisco Álvares

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal, BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO. Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal

Henrik Andrén

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden

Vaidas Balys

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Association for Nature Conservation “Baltijos vilkas”, Vilnius, Lithuania

Juan Carlos Blanco

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Conservation Biology Consultants, Madrid, Spain

Silviu Chiriac

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Departement of Nature Protection, Vrancea Environmental Protection Agency, Vrancea, Romania

Duško Ćirović

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Nolwenn Drouet-Hoguet

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation French Biodiversity Agency, Gières, France

Djuro Huber

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

Yorgos Iliopoulos

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation CALLISTO Nature and Wildlife Conservation Society, Thessaloniki, Greece

Ilpo Kojola

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Natural Resources Institute Finland, Rovaniemi, Finland

Miha Krofel

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Miroslav Kutal

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, Carnivore Conservation Programme, Friends of the Earth Czech Republic, Olomouc, Czech Republic

John D. C. Linnell

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Stor Elvdal, Norway, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Lillehammer, Norway

Aleksandra Majić Skrbinšek

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Peep Männil

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Wildlife Department, Estonian Environment Agency, Tartu, Estonia

Francesca Marucco

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy

Dime Melovski

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Macedonian Ecological Society, Skopje, North Macedonia

Deniz Mengüllüoğlu

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation NEOM Nature Reserve, Gayal/Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Joachim Mergeay

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, Belgium

Robert W. Mysłajek

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland

Sabina Nowak

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland

Jānis Ozoliņš

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Latvian State Forest research institute SILAVA, Salaspils, Latvia

Nathan Ranc

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France

Ilka Reinhardt

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations LUPUS - German Institute for Wolf Monitoring and Research, Spreetal, Germany, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Biological Sciences, Frankfurt, Germany

Robin Rigg

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Slovak Wildlife Society, Liptovský Hrádok, Slovakia, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

Valeria Salvatori

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Istituto di Ecologia Applicata, Rome, Italy

Laurent Schley

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Administration de la nature et des forêts, Diekirch, Luxembourg

Peter Sunde

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark

Aleksandër Trajçe

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Protection and Preservation of Natural Environment in Albania, Tirana, Albania

Igor Trbojević

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ecology and Research Association, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Arie Trouwborst

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Tilburg Law School, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands, Faculty of Law, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

Manuela von Arx

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation KORA Foundation – Carnivore Ecology and Wildlife Management, Ittigen, Switzerland

Diana Zlatanova

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Biology, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria

Luigi Boitani

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biology and Biotechnologies ‘Charles Darwin’, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.