January 2013

The virus causes malformations in neonatal ruminants, where it replicates predominantly in the neurons of the grey matter (see Varela et al., doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003133). Picture shows a coronal brain section of a calf presenting large cavities with severely reduced thickness of the cortex (poroencephaly), a malformation commonly observed in neonatal ruminants with naturally occurring SBV infection.

Image Credit: Vanessa Herder, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany

Opinion

Biosafety Level-4 Laboratories in Europe: Opportunities for Public Health, Diagnostics, and Research

Carla Nisii, Concetta Castilletti, Hervé Raoul, Roger Hewson, David Brown, Robin Gopal, Markus Eickmann, Stephan Gunther, Ali Mirazimi, Tuija Koivula, Heinz Feldmann, Antonino Di Caro, Maria R. Capobianchi, Giuseppe Ippolito

PLOS Pathogens: published January 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003105

Pearls

The Importance of Prions

Glenn C. Telling

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003090

Loss and Retention of RNA Interference in Fungi and Parasites

Francisco E. Nicolás, Santiago Torres-Martínez, Rosa M. Ruiz-Vázquez

PLOS Pathogens: published January 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003089

Make It, Take It, or Leave It: Heme Metabolism of Parasites

Luděk Kořený, Miroslav Oborník, Julius Lukeš

PLOS Pathogens: published January 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003088

Innate Sensing of Chitin and Chitosan

Chelsea L. Bueter, Charles A. Specht, Stuart M. Levitz

PLOS Pathogens: published January 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003080

Candida and Host Determinants of Susceptibility to Invasive Candidiasis

Michail S. Lionakis, Mihai G. Netea

PLOS Pathogens: published January 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003079

Reviews

The Battle between Rotavirus and Its Host for Control of the Interferon Signaling Pathway

Michelle M. Arnold, Adrish Sen, Harry B. Greenberg, John T. Patton

PLOS Pathogens: published January 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003064

Viral and Bacterial Interactions in the Upper Respiratory Tract

Astrid A. T. M. Bosch, Giske Biesbroek, Krzysztof Trzcinski, Elisabeth A. M. Sanders, Debby Bogaert

PLOS Pathogens: published January 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003057

Determinants for the Development of Visceral Leishmaniasis Disease

Laura-Isobel McCall, Wen-Wei Zhang, Greg Matlashewski

PLOS Pathogens: published January 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003053

Research Articles

Binding of HIV-1 gp120 to DC-SIGN Promotes ASK-1-Dependent Activation-Induced Apoptosis of Human Dendritic Cells

Yongxiong Chen, Shiuh-Lin Hwang, Vera S. F. Chan, Nancy P. Y. Chung, Shu-Rong Wang, Zhongye Li, Jing Ma, Chia-Wei Lin, Ya-Ju Hsieh, Kao-Ping Chang, Sui-Sum Kung, Yi-Chia Wu, Cheng-Wei Chu, Hsiao-Ting Tai, George F. Gao, Bojian Zheng, Kazunari K. Yokoyama, Jonathan M. Austyn, Chen-Lung S. Lin

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003100

Discovery of a Siderophore Export System Essential for Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Ryan M. Wells, Christopher M. Jones, Zhaoyong Xi, Alexander Speer, Olga Danilchanka, Kathryn S. Doornbos, Peibei Sun, Fangming Wu, Changlin Tian, Michael Niederweis

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003120

The Tomato Prf Complex Is a Molecular Trap for Bacterial Effectors Based on Pto Transphosphorylation

Vardis Ntoukakis, Alexi L. Balmuth, Tatiana S. Mucyn, Jose R. Gutierrez, Alexandra M. E. Jones, John P. Rathjen

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003123

Bifurcation of Arabidopsis NLR Immune Signaling via Ca²⁺-Dependent Protein Kinases

Xiquan Gao, Xin Chen, Wenwei Lin, Sixue Chen, Dongping Lu, Yajie Niu, Lei Li, Cheng Cheng, Matthew McCormack, Jen Sheen, Libo Shan, Ping He

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003127

Kinetics of Antigen Expression and Epitope Presentation during Virus Infection

Nathan P. Croft, Stewart A. Smith, Yik Chun Wong, Chor Teck Tan, Nadine L. Dudek, Inge E. A. Flesch, Leon C. W. Lin, David C. Tscharke, Anthony W. Purcell

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003129

ActA Promotes Listeria monocytogenes Aggregation, Intestinal Colonization and Carriage

Laetitia Travier, Stéphanie Guadagnini, Edith Gouin, Alexandre Dufour, Viviane Chenal-Francisque, Pascale Cossart, Jean-Christophe Olivo-Marin, Jean-Marc Ghigo, Olivier Disson, Marc Lecuit

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003131

Expression of Cytosolic Peroxiredoxins in Plasmodium berghei Ookinetes Is Regulated by Environmental Factors in the Mosquito Bloodmeal

Benjamin A. Turturice, Michael A. Lamm, James J. Tasch, Angelika Zalewski, Rachel Kooistra, Eric H. Schroeter, Sapna Sharma, Shin-Ichiro Kawazu, Stefan M. Kanzok

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003136

Novel Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) Model of Human Herpesvirus 6A and 6B Infections: Immunologic, Virologic and Radiologic Characterization

Emily Leibovitch, Jillian E. Wohler, Sheila M. Cummings Macri, Kelsey Motanic, Erin Harberts, María I. Gaitán, Pietro Maggi, Mary Ellis, Susan Westmoreland, Afonso Silva, Daniel S. Reich, Steven Jacobson

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003138

Functional Characterization of HLA-G⁺ Regulatory T Cells in HIV-1 Infection

Chun Li, Ilona Toth, Julian Schulze zur Wiesch, Florencia Pereyra, Jennifer Rychert, Eric S. Rosenberg, Jan van Lunzen, Mathias Lichterfeld, Xu G. Yu

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003140

Comprehensive Genetic Dissection of the Hemocyte Immune Response in the Malaria Mosquito Anopheles gambiae

Fabrizio Lombardo, Yasmeen Ghani, Fotis C. Kafatos, George K. Christophides

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003145

An Upstream Open Reading Frame Modulates Ebola Virus Polymerase Translation and Virus Replication

Reed S. Shabman, Thomas Hoenen, Allison Groseth, Omar Jabado, Jennifer M. Binning, Gaya K. Amarasinghe, Heinz Feldmann, Christopher F. Basler

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003147

Cyclosporine A Impairs Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain (Nod1)-Mediated Innate Antibacterial Renal Defenses in Mice and Human Transplant Recipients

Emilie Tourneur, Sanae Ben Mkaddem, Cécilia Chassin, Marcelle Bens, Jean-Michel Goujon, Nicolas Charles, Christophe Pellefigues, Meryem Aloulou, Alexandre Hertig, Renato C. Monteiro, Stephen E. Girardin, Dana J. Philpott, Eric Rondeau, Carole Elbim, Catherine Werts, Alain Vandewalle

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003152

Intravital Placenta Imaging Reveals Microcirculatory Dynamics Impact on Sequestration and Phagocytosis of Plasmodium-Infected Erythrocytes

Luciana Vieira de Moraes, Carlos Eduardo Tadokoro, Iván Gómez-Conde, David N. Olivieri, Carlos Penha-Gonçalves

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003154

Preclinical Therapy of Disseminated HER-2⁺ Ovarian and Breast Carcinomas with a HER-2-Retargeted Oncolytic Herpesvirus

Patrizia Nanni, Valentina Gatta, Laura Menotti, Carla De Giovanni, Marianna Ianzano, Arianna Palladini, Valentina Grosso, Massimiliano Dall'Ora, Stefania Croci, Giordano Nicoletti, Lorena Landuzzi, Manuela Iezzi, Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume, Pier-Luigi Lollini

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003155

Dual Short Upstream Open Reading Frames Control Translation of a Herpesviral Polycistronic mRNA

Lisa M. Kronstad, Kevin F. Brulois, Jae U. Jung, Britt A. Glaunsinger

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003156

Dissection of Ire1 Functions Reveals Stress Response Mechanisms Uniquely Evolved in Candida glabrata

Taiga Miyazaki, Hironobu Nakayama, Yohsuke Nagayoshi, Hiroshi Kakeya, Shigeru Kohno

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003160

24 Hours in the Life of HIV-1 in a T Cell Line

Pejman Mohammadi, Sébastien Desfarges, István Bartha, Beda Joos, Nadine Zangger, Miguel Muñoz, Huldrych F. Günthard, Niko Beerenwinkel, Amalio Telenti, Angela Ciuffi

PLOS Pathogens: published January 31, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003161

Bacterial Colonization of Host Cells in the Absence of Cholesterol

Stacey D. Gilk, Diane C. Cockrell, Courtney Luterbach, Bryan Hansen, Leigh A. Knodler, J. Antonio Ibarra, Olivia Steele-Mortimer, Robert A. Heinzen

PLOS Pathogens: published January 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003107

Fine Tuning Inflammation at the Front Door: Macrophage Complement Receptor 3-mediates Phagocytosis and Immune Suppression for Francisella tularensis

Shipan Dai, Murugesan V. S. Rajaram, Heather M. Curry, Rachel Leander, Larry S. Schlesinger

PLOS Pathogens: published January 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003114

A Pathogen Type III Effector with a Novel E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Architecture

Alexander U. Singer, Sebastian Schulze, Tatiana Skarina, Xiaohui Xu, Hong Cui, Lennart Eschen-Lippold, Monique Egler, Tharan Srikumar, Brian Raught, Justin Lee, Dierk Scheel, Alexei Savchenko, Ulla Bonas

PLOS Pathogens: published January 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003121

IFITM Proteins Restrict Viral Membrane Hemifusion

Kun Li, Ruben M. Markosyan, Yi-Min Zheng, Ottavia Golfetto, Brittani Bungart, Minghua Li, Shilei Ding, Yuxian He, Chen Liang, James C. Lee, Enrico Gratton, Fredric S. Cohen, Shan-Lu Liu

PLOS Pathogens: published January 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003124

Memory T Cells in Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Are Directed against Three Antigenic Islands and Largely Contained in a CXCR3⁺CCR6⁺ Th1 Subset

Cecilia S. Lindestam Arlehamn, Anna Gerasimova, Federico Mele, Ryan Henderson, Justine Swann, Jason A. Greenbaum, Yohan Kim, John Sidney, Eddie A. James, Randy Taplitz, Denise M. McKinney, William W. Kwok, Howard Grey, Federica Sallusto, Bjoern Peters, Alessandro Sette

PLOS Pathogens: published January 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003130

Convergence and Divergence in the Evolution of the APOBEC3G-Vif Interaction Reveal Ancient Origins of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses

Alex A. Compton, Michael Emerman

PLOS Pathogens: published January 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003135

Adhesion of Neisseria meningitidis to Dermal Vessels Leads to Local Vascular Damage and Purpura in a Humanized Mouse Model

Keira Melican, Paula Michea Veloso, Tiffany Martin, Patrick Bruneval, Guillaume Duménil

PLOS Pathogens: published January 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003139

Point Mutations in FimH Adhesin of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Enhance Intestinal Inflammatory Response

Nicolas Dreux, Jérémy Denizot, Margarita Martinez-Medina, Alexander Mellmann, Maria Billig, Dagmara Kisiela, Sujay Chattopadhyay, Evgeni Sokurenko, Christel Neut, Corinne Gower-Rousseau, Jean-Frédéric Colombel, Richard Bonnet, Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud, Nicolas Barnich

PLOS Pathogens: published January 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003141

Vibrio parahaemolyticus Effector Proteins Suppress Inflammasome Activation by Interfering with Host Autophagy Signaling

Naomi Higa, Claudia Toma, Yukiko Koizumi, Noboru Nakasone, Toshitsugu Nohara, Junya Masumoto, Toshio Kodama, Tetsuya Iida, Toshihiko Suzuki

PLOS Pathogens: published January 24, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003142

The Hepatitis B Virus Ribonuclease H Is Sensitive to Inhibitors of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Ribonuclease H and Integrase Enzymes

John E. Tavis, Xiaohong Cheng, Yuan Hu, Michael Totten, Feng Cao, Eleftherios Michailidis, Rajeev Aurora, Marvin J. Meyers, E. Jon Jacobsen, Michael A. Parniak, Stefan G. Sarafianos

PLOS Pathogens: published January 22, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003125

SIVagm Infection in Wild African Green Monkeys from South Africa: Epidemiology, Natural History, and Evolutionary Considerations

Dongzhu Ma, Anna Jasinska, Jan Kristoff, J. Paul Grobler, Trudy Turner, Yoon Jung, Christopher Schmitt, Kevin Raehtz, Felix Feyertag, Natalie Martinez Sosa, Viskam Wijewardana, Donald S. Burke, David L. Robertson, Russell Tracy, Ivona Pandrea, Nelson Freimer, Cristian Apetrei, The International Vervet Research Consortium

PLOS Pathogens: published January 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003011

Transcription of a cis-acting, Noncoding, Small RNA Is Required for Pilin Antigenic Variation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Laty A. Cahoon, H. Steven Seifert

PLOS Pathogens: published January 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003074

Adaptive Immunity Alters Distinct Host Feeding Pathways during Nematode Induced Inflammation, a Novel Mechanism in Parasite Expulsion

John J. Worthington, Linda C. Samuelson, Richard K. Grencis, John T. McLaughlin

PLOS Pathogens: published January 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003122

Atomic Model of Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus by Cryo-Electron Microscopy and Crystallography

Xue Wang, Fengting Xu, Jiasen Liu, Bingquan Gao, Yanxin Liu, Yujia Zhai, Jun Ma, Kai Zhang, Timothy S. Baker, Klaus Schulten, Dong Zheng, Hai Pang, Fei Sun

PLOS Pathogens: published January 17, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003132

Teleost Fish Mount Complex Clonal IgM and IgT Responses in Spleen upon Systemic Viral Infection

Rosario Castro, Luc Jouneau, Hang-Phuong Pham, Olivier Bouchez, Véronique Giudicelli, Marie-Paule Lefranc, Edwige Quillet, Abdenour Benmansour, Frédéric Cazals, Adrien Six, Simon Fillatreau, Oriol Sunyer, Pierre Boudinot

PLOS Pathogens: published January 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003098

Altered Immunity in Crowded Locust Reduced Fungal (Metarhizium anisopliae) Pathogenesis

Yundan Wang, Pengcheng Yang, Feng Cui, Le Kang

PLOS Pathogens: published January 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003102

Lipid Exchange between Borrelia burgdorferi and Host Cells

Jameson T. Crowley, Alvaro M. Toledo, Timothy J. LaRocca, James L. Coleman, Erwin London, Jorge L. Benach

PLOS Pathogens: published January 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003109

Complement Mediated Signaling on Pulmonary CD103⁺ Dendritic Cells Is Critical for Their Migratory Function in Response to Influenza Infection

Matheswaran Kandasamy, Poon C. Ying, Adrian W. S. Ho, Hermi R. Sumatoh, Andreas Schlitzer, Timothy R. Hughes, David M. Kemeny, B. Paul Morgan, Florent Ginhoux, Baalasubramanian Sivasankar

PLOS Pathogens: published January 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003115

Glucose Phosphorylation Is Required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Persistence in Mice

Joeli Marrero, Carolina Trujillo, Kyu Y. Rhee, Sabine Ehrt

PLOS Pathogens: published January 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003116

Assembly of the Type II Secretion System such as Found in Vibrio cholerae Depends on the Novel Pilotin AspS

Rhys A. Dunstan, Eva Heinz, Lakshmi C. Wijeyewickrema, Robert N. Pike, Anthony W. Purcell, Timothy J. Evans, Judyta Praszkier, Roy M. Robins-Browne, Richard A. Strugnell, Konstantin V. Korotkov, Trevor Lithgow

PLOS Pathogens: published January 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003117

Granzyme A Produced by γ₉δ₂ T Cells Induces Human Macrophages to Inhibit Growth of an Intracellular Pathogen

Charles T. Spencer, Getahun Abate, Isaac G. Sakala, Mei Xia, Steven M. Truscott, Christopher S. Eickhoff, Rebecca Linn, Azra Blazevic, Sunil S. Metkar, Guangyong Peng, Christopher J. Froelich, Daniel F. Hoft

PLOS Pathogens: published January 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003119

Schmallenberg Virus Pathogenesis, Tropism and Interaction with the Innate Immune System of the Host

Mariana Varela, Esther Schnettler, Marco Caporale, Claudio Murgia, Gerald Barry, Melanie McFarlane, Eva McGregor, Ilaria M. Piras, Andrew Shaw, Catherine Lamm, Anna Janowicz, Martin Beer, Mandy Glass, Vanessa Herder, Kerstin Hahn, Wolfgang Baumgärtner, Alain Kohl, Massimo Palmarini

PLOS Pathogens: published January 10, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003133

TNFα-Mediated Liver Destruction by Kupffer Cells and Ly6C^hi Monocytes during Entamoeba histolytica Infection

Elena Helk, Hannah Bernin, Thomas Ernst, Harald Ittrich, Thomas Jacobs, Joerg Heeren, Frank Tacke, Egbert Tannich, Hannelore Lotter

PLOS Pathogens: published January 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003096

Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Phenazines that Kill Caenorhabditis elegans

Brent Cezairliyan, Nawaporn Vinayavekhin, Daniel Grenfell-Lee, Grace J. Yuen, Alan Saghatelian, Frederick M. Ausubel

PLOS Pathogens: published January 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003101

The Roles of Competition and Mutation in Shaping Antigenic and Genetic Diversity in Influenza

Daniel Zinder, Trevor Bedford, Sunetra Gupta, Mercedes Pascual

PLOS Pathogens: published January 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003104

Recombinant HIV Envelope Proteins Fail to Engage Germline Versions of Anti-CD4bs bNAbs

Sam Hoot, Andrew T. McGuire, Kristen W. Cohen, Roland K. Strong, Lars Hangartner, Florian Klein, Ron Diskin, Johannes F. Scheid, D. Noah Sather, Dennis R. Burton, Leonidas Stamatatos

PLOS Pathogens: published January 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003106

Structural Basis for Feed-Forward Transcriptional Regulation of Membrane Lipid Homeostasis in Staphylococcus aureus

Daniela Albanesi, Georgina Reh, Marcelo E. Guerin, Francis Schaeffer, Michel Debarbouille, Alejandro Buschiazzo, Gustavo E. Schujman, Diego de Mendoza, Pedro M. Alzari

PLOS Pathogens: published January 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003108

Natural Killer Cell Dependent Within-Host Competition Arises during Multiple MCMV Infection: Consequences for Viral Transmission and Evolution

Andrea R. McWhorter, Lee M. Smith, Laura L. Masters, Baca Chan, Geoffrey R. Shellam, Alec J. Redwood

PLOS Pathogens: published January 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003111

IRF-3, IRF-5, and IRF-7 Coordinately Regulate the Type I IFN Response in Myeloid Dendritic Cells Downstream of MAVS Signaling

Helen M. Lazear, Alissa Lancaster, Courtney Wilkins, Mehul S. Suthar, Albert Huang, Sarah C. Vick, Lisa Clepper, Larissa Thackray, Margaret M. Brassil, Herbert W. Virgin, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Ashlee V. Moses, Michael Gale Jr., Klaus Früh, Michael S. Diamond

PLOS Pathogens: published January 3, 2013 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1003118

Cover

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging orthobunyavirus of ruminants discovered in November 2011 in Germany.

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