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July 2012

This nine-day-old zebrafish larva, initially germ-free, has been exposed to Edwardsiella ictaluri by bath three days before being fixed and processed for whole-mount immunohistochemistry. Confocal imaging with bacteria stained in red, nuclei in blue, F-actin in green; ventral view of the head with lateral tilt. Numerous bacterial abscesses can be seen on the jaw and gills (see Rendueles et al., doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002815).

Image Credit: Maxence Frétaud, Lionel Ferrières, and Jean-Pierre Levraud, Institut Pasteur

Pearls

Identifying Host Factors That Regulate Viral Infection

Tien-Huei Hsu, Katherine R. Spindler

Gastrointestinal Cell Mediated Immunity and the Microsporidia

Magali M. Moretto, Imtiaz A. Khan, Louis M. Weiss

Polydnaviruses as Symbionts and Gene Delivery Systems

Michael R. Strand, Gaelen R. Burke

Research Articles

Shedding of TRAP by a Rhomboid Protease from the Malaria Sporozoite Surface Is Essential for Gliding Motility and Sporozoite Infectivity

Ijeoma Ejigiri, Daniel R. T. Ragheb, Paco Pino, Alida Coppi, Brandy Lee Bennett, Dominique Soldati-Favre, Photini Sinnis

Structures of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus VP1 Complexes Define a Sialic Acid Binding Site Required for Infection

Ursula Neu, Holger Hengel, Bärbel S. Blaum, Rachel M. Schowalter, Dennis Macejak, Michel Gilbert, Warren W. Wakarchuk, Akihiro Imamura, Hiromune Ando, Makoto Kiso, Niklas Arnberg, Robert L. Garcea, Thomas Peters, Christopher B. Buck, Thilo Stehle

Near Surface Swimming of Salmonella Typhimurium Explains Target-Site Selection and Cooperative Invasion

Benjamin Misselwitz, Naomi Barrett, Saskia Kreibich, Pascale Vonaesch, Daniel Andritschke, Samuel Rout, Kerstin Weidner, Milos Sormaz, Pascal Songhet, Peter Horvath, Mamta Chabria, Viola Vogel, Doris M. Spori, Patrick Jenny, Wolf-Dietrich Hardt

Type I Interferons Promote Fatal Immunopathology by Regulating Inflammatory Monocytes and Neutrophils during Candida Infections

Olivia Majer, Christelle Bourgeois, Florian Zwolanek, Caroline Lassnig, Dontscho Kerjaschki, Matthias Mack, Mathias Müller, Karl Kuchler

Genome-Wide Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Virulence-Related Genes Using a Caenorhabditis elegans Infection Model

Rhonda L. Feinbaum, Jonathan M. Urbach, Nicole T. Liberati, Slavica Djonovic, Allison Adonizio, Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis, Frederick M. Ausubel

A New Zebrafish Model of Oro-Intestinal Pathogen Colonization Reveals a Key Role for Adhesion in Protection by Probiotic Bacteria

Olaya Rendueles, Lionel Ferrières, Maxence Frétaud, Evelyne Bégaud, Philippe Herbomel, Jean-Pierre Levraud, Jean-Marc Ghigo

The Anti-Repressor MecR2 Promotes the Proteolysis of the mecA Repressor and Enables Optimal Expression of β-lactam Resistance in MRSA

Pedro Arêde, Catarina Milheiriço, Hermínia de Lencastre, Duarte C. Oliveira

Opposing Roles for Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 (IRF-3) and Type I Interferon Signaling during Plague

Ami A. Patel, Hanni Lee-Lewis, Jennifer Hughes-Hanks, Craig A. Lewis, Deborah M. Anderson

Directly Infected Resting CD4+T Cells Can Produce HIV Gag without Spreading Infection in a Model of HIV Latency

Matthew J. Pace, Erin H. Graf, Luis M. Agosto, Angela M. Mexas, Frances Male, Troy Brady, Frederic D. Bushman, Una O'Doherty

Germline Transgenesis and Insertional Mutagenesis in Schistosoma mansoni Mediated by Murine Leukemia Virus

Gabriel Rinaldi, Sabine E. Eckert, Isheng J. Tsai, Sutas Suttiprapa, Kristine J. Kines, José F. Tort, Victoria H. Mann, Daniel J. Turner, Matthew Berriman, Paul J. Brindley

Activation and Proteolytic Activity of the Treponema pallidum Metalloprotease, Pallilysin

Simon Houston, Rebecca Hof, Lisa Honeyman, Julia Hassler, Caroline E. Cameron

Toxoplasma Co-opts Host Cells It Does Not Invade

Anita A. Koshy, Hans K. Dietrich, David A. Christian, Jason H. Melehani, Anjali J. Shastri, Christopher A. Hunter, John C. Boothroyd

Identification of Site-Specific Adaptations Conferring Increased Neural Cell Tropism during Human Enterovirus 71 Infection

Samuel Cordey, Tom J. Petty, Manuel Schibler, Yannick Martinez, Daniel Gerlach, Sandra van Belle, Lara Turin, Evgeny Zdobnov, Laurent Kaiser, Caroline Tapparel

IL-10-Producing Th1 Cells and Disease Progression Are Regulated by Distinct CD11c+ Cell Populations during Visceral Leishmaniasis

Benjamin M. J. Owens, Lynette Beattie, John W. J. Moore, Najmeeyah Brown, Jason L. Mann, Jane E. Dalton, Asher Maroof, Paul M. Kaye

MAP-Kinase Regulated Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Activity Is Essential for Production of Infectious Hepatitis C Virus Particles

Nicolas Menzel, Wolfgang Fischl, Kathrin Hueging, Dorothea Bankwitz, Anne Frentzen, Sibylle Haid, Juliane Gentzsch, Lars Kaderali, Ralf Bartenschlager, Thomas Pietschmann

The Molecular Basis of Drug Resistance against Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors

Keith P. Romano, Akbar Ali, Cihan Aydin, Djade Soumana, Ayşegül Özen, Laura M. Deveau, Casey Silver, Hong Cao, Alicia Newton, Christos J. Petropoulos, Wei Huang, Celia A. Schiffer

Human Papillomavirus Type 8 Interferes with a Novel C/EBPβ-Mediated Mechanism of Keratinocyte CCL20 Chemokine Expression and Langerhans Cell Migration

Tanya Sperling, Monika Ołdak, Barbara Walch-Rückheim, Claudia Wickenhauser, John Doorbar, Herbert Pfister, Magdalena Malejczyk, Sławomir Majewski, Andrew C. Keates, Sigrun Smola

Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of North American Triple Reassortant Swine Influenza A Viruses in Ferrets

Subrata Barman, Petr S. Krylov, Thomas P. Fabrizio, John Franks, Jasmine C. Turner, Patrick Seiler, David Wang, Jerold E. Rehg, Gene A. Erickson, Marie Gramer, Robert G. Webster, Richard J. Webby

Evidence for Antigenic Seniority in Influenza A (H3N2) Antibody Responses in Southern China

Justin Lessler, Steven Riley, Jonathan M. Read, Shuying Wang, Huachen Zhu, Gavin J. D. Smith, Yi Guan, Chao Qiang Jiang, Derek A. T. Cummings

The Pore-Forming Toxin β hemolysin/cytolysin Triggers p38 MAPK-Dependent IL-10 Production in Macrophages and Inhibits Innate Immunity

Magali Bebien, Mary E. Hensler, Suzel Davanture, Li-Chung Hsu, Michael Karin, Jin Mo Park, Lena Alexopoulou, George Y. Liu, Victor Nizet, Toby Lawrence

Monocytes Regulate the Mechanism of T-cell Death by Inducing Fas-Mediated Apoptosis during Bacterial Infection

Marc Daigneault, Thushan I. De Silva, Martin A. Bewley, Julie A. Preston, Helen M. Marriott, Andrea M. Mitchell, Timothy J. Mitchell, Robert C. Read, Moira K. B. Whyte, David H. Dockrell

Membrane Damage during Listeria monocytogenes Infection Triggers a Caspase-7 Dependent Cytoprotective Response

Sara K. B. Cassidy, Jon A. Hagar, Thirumala Devi Kanneganti, Luigi Franchi, Gabriel Nuñez, Mary X. D. O'Riordan

Structural Basis for the ABO Blood-Group Dependence of Plasmodium falciparum Rosetting

Inès Vigan-Womas, Micheline Guillotte, Alexandre Juillerat, Audrey Hessel, Bertrand Raynal, Patrick England, Jacques H. Cohen, Olivier Bertrand, Thierry Peyrard, Graham A. Bentley, Anita Lewit-Bentley, Odile Mercereau-Puijalon

Control of Virulence by Small RNAs in Streptococcus pneumoniae

Beth Mann, Tim van Opijnen, Jianmin Wang, Caroline Obert, Yong-Dong Wang, Robert Carter, Daniel J. McGoldrick, Granger Ridout, Andrew Camilli, Elaine I. Tuomanen, Jason W. Rosch

Hyperthermia Stimulates HIV-1 Replication

Ferdinand Roesch, Oussama Meziane, Anna Kula, Sébastien Nisole, Françoise Porrot, Ian Anderson, Fabrizio Mammano, Ariberto Fassati, Alessandro Marcello, Monsef Benkirane, Olivier Schwartz

Heme Uptake by Leishmania amazonensis Is Mediated by the Transmembrane Protein LHR1

Chau Huynh, Xiaojing Yuan, Danilo C. Miguel, Rebecca L. Renberg, Olga Protchenko, Caroline C. Philpott, Iqbal Hamza, Norma W. Andrews

Structural Mechanism of Trimeric HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Activation

Erin E. H. Tran, Mario J. Borgnia, Oleg Kuybeda, David M. Schauder, Alberto Bartesaghi, Gabriel A. Frank, Guillermo Sapiro, Jacqueline L. S. Milne, Sriram Subramaniam

The Receptor Slamf1 on the Surface of Myeloid Lineage Cells Controls Susceptibility to Infection by Trypanosoma cruzi

Jossela Calderón, Elena Maganto-Garcia, Carmen Punzón, Javier Carrión, Cox Terhorst, Manuel Fresno

HLA-Cw*0102-Restricted HIV-1 p24 Epitope Variants Can Modulate the Binding of the Inhibitory KIR2DL2 Receptor and Primary NK Cell Function

Lena Fadda, Christian Körner, Swati Kumar, Nienke H. van Teijlingen, Alicja Piechocka-Trocha, Mary Carrington, Marcus Altfeld

HPV 5 and 8 E6 Abrogate ATR Activity Resulting in Increased Persistence of UVB Induced DNA Damage

Nicholas A. Wallace, Kristin Robinson, Heather L. Howie, Denise A. Galloway

Proteomic Profiling of the TRAF3 Interactome Network Reveals a New Role for the ER-to-Golgi Transport Compartments in Innate Immunity

Wendy J. van Zuylen, Priscilla Doyon, Jean-François Clément, Kashif Aziz Khan, Lisa M. D'Ambrosio, Florence Dô, Myriam St-Amant-Verret, Tasheen Wissanji, Gregory Emery, Anne-Claude Gingras, Sylvain Meloche, Marc J. Servant

Antiviral Activity of a Small Molecule Deubiquitinase Inhibitor Occurs via Induction of the Unfolded Protein Response

Jeffrey W. Perry, Mohammad Ahmed, Kyeong-Ok Chang, Nicholas J. Donato, Hollis D. Showalter, Christiane E. Wobus

Proteasome-Dependent Disruption of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Anaphase-Promoting Complex by HCMV Protein pUL21a

Anthony R. Fehr, Nathaniel C. Gualberto, John Paul Savaryn, Scott S. Terhune, Dong Yu

The Lectin Pathway of Complement Activation Is a Critical Component of the Innate Immune Response to Pneumococcal Infection

Youssif M. Ali, Nicholas J. Lynch, Kashif S. Haleem, Teizo Fujita, Yuichi Endo, Soren Hansen, Uffe Holmskov, Kazue Takahashi, Gregory L. Stahl, Thomas Dudler, Umakhanth V. Girija, Russell Wallis, Aras Kadioglu, Cordula M. Stover, Peter W. Andrew, Wilhelm J. Schwaeble

Effect of Biodiversity Changes in Disease Risk: Exploring Disease Emergence in a Plant-Virus System

Israel Pagán, Pablo González-Jara, Alejandra Moreno-Letelier, Manuel Rodelo-Urrego, Aurora Fraile, Daniel Piñero, Fernando García-Arenal

EGL-9 Controls C. elegans Host Defense Specificity through Prolyl Hydroxylation-Dependent and -Independent HIF-1 Pathways

Lyly G. Luhachack, Orane Visvikis, Amanda C. Wollenberg, Adam Lacy-Hulbert, Lynda M. Stuart, Javier E. Irazoqui