March 2010

Cells have a number of intracellular sensors that mediate dsRNA-induced antiviral responses. DeWitte-Orr et al. (doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000829) report that SR-As mediate entry of extracellular dsRNA at the cell surface, and subsequently deliver the dsRNA to the classic intracellular pathways. In this image, Alexafluor 488 labelled, in vitro transcribed dsRNA based from the West Nile virus genome (1,000 bp) is taken up by MEFs. The nucleus of the cell is stained with Hoescht 33258.

Image Credit: Stephanie DeWitte-Orr, McMaster University

Opinion

All Mold Is Not Alike: The Importance of Intraspecific Diversity in Necrotrophic Plant Pathogens

Heather C. Rowe, Daniel J. Kliebenstein

PLOS Pathogens: published March 26, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000759

Pearls

Expansion, Maintenance, and Memory in NK and T Cells during Viral Infections: Responding to Pressures for Defense and Regulation

Christine A. Biron

PLOS Pathogens: published March 26, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000816

Review

HIV and Mature Dendritic Cells: Trojan Exosomes Riding the Trojan Horse?

Nuria Izquierdo-Useros, Mar Naranjo-Gómez, Itziar Erkizia, Maria Carmen Puertas, Francesc E. Borràs, Julià Blanco, Javier Martinez-Picado

PLOS Pathogens: published March 26, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000740

Research Articles

Exoerythrocytic Plasmodium Parasites Secrete a Cysteine Protease Inhibitor Involved in Sporozoite Invasion and Capable of Blocking Cell Death of Host Hepatocytes

Annika Rennenberg, Christine Lehmann, Anna Heitmann, Tina Witt, Guido Hansen, Krishna Nagarajan, Christina Deschermeier, Vito Turk, Rolf Hilgenfeld, Volker T. Heussler

PLOS Pathogens: published March 26, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000825

Inhibition of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Ameliorates Ocular Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Keratitis

Mihaela Gadjeva, Jill Nagashima, Tanweer Zaidi, Robert A. Mitchell, Gerald B. Pier

PLOS Pathogens: published March 26, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000826

Serological Profiling of a Candida albicans Protein Microarray Reveals Permanent Host-Pathogen Interplay and Stage-Specific Responses during Candidemia

A. Brian Mochon, Jin Ye, Matthew A. Kayala, John R. Wingard, Cornelius J. Clancy, M. Hong Nguyen, Philip Felgner, Pierre Baldi, Haoping Liu

PLOS Pathogens: published March 26, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000827

Dispersion as an Important Step in the Candida albicans Biofilm Developmental Cycle

Priya Uppuluri, Ashok K. Chaturvedi, Anand Srinivasan, Mohua Banerjee, Anand K. Ramasubramaniam, Julia R. Köhler, David Kadosh, Jose L. Lopez-Ribot

PLOS Pathogens: published March 26, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000828

An Accessory to the ‘Trinity’: SR-As Are Essential Pathogen Sensors of Extracellular dsRNA, Mediating Entry and Leading to Subsequent Type I IFN Responses

Stephanie J. DeWitte-Orr, Susan E. Collins, Carla M. T. Bauer, Dawn M. Bowdish, Karen L. Mossman

PLOS Pathogens: published March 26, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000829

Origin and Evolution of Sulfadoxine Resistant Plasmodium falciparum

Sumiti Vinayak, Md Tauqeer Alam, Tonya Mixson-Hayden, Andrea M. McCollum, Rithy Sem, Naman K. Shah, Pharath Lim, Sinuon Muth, William O. Rogers, Thierry Fandeur, John W. Barnwell, Ananias A. Escalante, Chansuda Wongsrichanalai, Frederick Ariey, Steven R. Meshnick, Venkatachalam Udhayakumar

PLOS Pathogens: published March 26, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000830

Rapid Evolution of Pandemic Noroviruses of the GII.4 Lineage

Rowena A. Bull, John-Sebastian Eden, William D. Rawlinson, Peter A. White

PLOS Pathogens: published March 26, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000831

T Cell-Dependence of Lassa Fever Pathogenesis

Lukas Flatz, Toni Rieger, Doron Merkler, Andreas Bergthaler, Tommy Regen, Mariann Schedensack, Lukas Bestmann, Admar Verschoor, Mario Kreutzfeldt, Wolfgang Brück, Uwe-Karsten Hanisch, Stephan Günther, Daniel D. Pinschewer

PLOS Pathogens: published March 26, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000836

A Capsid-Encoded PPxY-Motif Facilitates Adenovirus Entry

Harald Wodrich, Daniel Henaff, Baptist Jammart, Carolina Segura-Morales, Sigrid Seelmeir, Olivier Coux, Zsolt Ruzsics, Christopher M. Wiethoff, Eric J. Kremer

PLOS Pathogens: published March 19, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000808

The Essentials of Protein Import in the Degenerate Mitochondrion of Entamoeba histolytica

Pavel Dolezal, Michael J. Dagley, Maya Kono, Peter Wolynec, Vladimir A. Likić, Jung Hock Foo, Miroslava Sedinová, Jan Tachezy, Anna Bachmann, Iris Bruchhaus, Trevor Lithgow

PLOS Pathogens: published March 19, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000812

Human Cytomegalovirus Protein pUL117 Targets the Mini-Chromosome Maintenance Complex and Suppresses Cellular DNA Synthesis

Zhikang Qian, Van Leung-Pineda, Baoqin Xuan, Helen Piwnica-Worms, Dong Yu

PLOS Pathogens: published March 19, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000814

Differential Regulation of Effector- and Central-Memory Responses to Toxoplasma gondii Infection by IL-12 Revealed by Tracking of Tgd057-Specific CD8+ T Cells

Douglas C. Wilson, Gijsbert M. Grotenbreg, Kenian Liu, Yanlin Zhao, Eva-Maria Frickel, Marc-Jan Gubbels, Hidde L. Ploegh, George S. Yap

PLOS Pathogens: published March 19, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000815

A Combination of Independent Transcriptional Regulators Shapes Bacterial Virulence Gene Expression during Infection

Samuel A. Shelburne, Randall J. Olsen, Bryce Suber, Pranoti Sahasrabhojane, Paul Sumby, Richard G. Brennan, James M. Musser

PLOS Pathogens: published March 19, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000817

Nucleophosmin Phosphorylation by v-Cyclin-CDK6 Controls KSHV Latency

Grzegorz Sarek, Annika Järviluoma, Henna M. Moore, Sari Tojkander, Salla Vartia, Peter Biberfeld, Marikki Laiho, Päivi M. Ojala

PLOS Pathogens: published March 19, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000818

Helicobacter pylori Lipopolysaccharide Is Synthesized via a Novel Pathway with an Evolutionary Connection to Protein N-Glycosylation

Isabelle Hug, Marc R. Couturier, Michelle M. Rooker, Diane E. Taylor, Markus Stein, Mario F. Feldman

PLOS Pathogens: published March 19, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000819

MicroRNA Antagonism of the Picornaviral Life Cycle: Alternative Mechanisms of Interference

Elizabeth J. Kelly, Elizabeth M. Hadac, Bryan R. Cullen, Stephen J. Russell

PLOS Pathogens: published March 19, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000820

Natural Strain Variation and Antibody Neutralization of Dengue Serotype 3 Viruses

Wahala M. P. B. Wahala, Eric F. Donaldson, Ruklanthi de Alwis, Mary Ann Accavitti-Loper, Ralph S. Baric, Aravinda M. de Silva

PLOS Pathogens: published March 19, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000821

Inhibition of Host Vacuolar H⁺-ATPase Activity by a Legionella pneumophila Effector

Li Xu, Xihui Shen, Andrew Bryan, Simran Banga, Michele S. Swanson, Zhao-Qing Luo

PLOS Pathogens: published March 19, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000822

The Human Polyoma JC Virus Agnoprotein Acts as a Viroporin

Tadaki Suzuki, Yasuko Orba, Yuki Okada, Yuji Sunden, Takashi Kimura, Shinya Tanaka, Kazuo Nagashima, William W. Hall, Hirofumi Sawa

PLOS Pathogens: published March 12, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000801

Membrane Damage Elicits an Immunomodulatory Program in Staphylococcus aureus

Ahmed S. Attia, Meredith A. Benson, Devin L. Stauff, Victor J. Torres, Eric P. Skaar

PLOS Pathogens: published March 12, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000802

YfiBNR Mediates Cyclic di-GMP Dependent Small Colony Variant Formation and Persistence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Jacob G. Malone, Tina Jaeger, Christian Spangler, Daniel Ritz, Anne Spang, Cécile Arrieumerlou, Volkhard Kaever, Regine Landmann, Urs Jenal

PLOS Pathogens: published March 12, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000804

Dynamic Imaging of Experimental Leishmania donovani-Induced Hepatic Granulomas Detects Kupffer Cell-Restricted Antigen Presentation to Antigen-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells

Lynette Beattie, Adam Peltan, Asher Maroof, Alun Kirby, Najmeeyah Brown, Mark Coles, Deborah F. Smith, Paul M. Kaye

PLOS Pathogens: published March 12, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000805

N-Acetylglucosamine Induces White to Opaque Switching, a Mating Prerequisite in Candida albicans

Guanghua Huang, Song Yi, Nidhi Sahni, Karla J. Daniels, Thyagarajan Srikantha, David R. Soll

PLOS Pathogens: published March 12, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000806

Structural Basis of Cell Wall Cleavage by a Staphylococcal Autolysin

Sebastian Zoll, Bernhard Pätzold, Martin Schlag, Friedrich Götz, Hubert Kalbacher, Thilo Stehle

PLOS Pathogens: published March 12, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000807

Staphylococcus aureus RNAIII Binds to Two Distant Regions of coa mRNA to Arrest Translation and Promote mRNA Degradation

Clément Chevalier, Sandrine Boisset, Cédric Romilly, Benoit Masquida, Pierre Fechter, Thomas Geissmann, François Vandenesch, Pascale Romby

PLOS Pathogens: published March 12, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000809

Homeostatic Interplay between Bacterial Cell-Cell Signaling and Iron in Virulence

Ronen Hazan, Jianxin He, Gaoping Xiao, Valérie Dekimpe, Yiorgos Apidianakis, Biliana Lesic, Christos Astrakas, Eric Déziel, François Lépine, Laurence G. Rahme

PLOS Pathogens: published March 12, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000810

Direct TLR2 Signaling Is Critical for NK Cell Activation and Function in Response to Vaccinia Viral Infection

Jennifer Martinez, Xiaopei Huang, Yiping Yang

PLOS Pathogens: published March 12, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000811

Innate Killing of Leishmania donovani by Macrophages of the Splenic Marginal Zone Requires IRF-7

Rebecca Phillips, Mattias Svensson, Naveed Aziz, Asher Maroof, Najmeeyah Brown, Lynette Beattie, Nathalie Signoret, Paul M. Kaye

PLOS Pathogens: published March 12, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000813

Direct Restriction of Virus Release and Incorporation of the Interferon-Induced Protein BST-2 into HIV-1 Particles

Kathleen Fitzpatrick, Mark Skasko, Thomas J. Deerinck, John Crum, Mark H. Ellisman, John Guatelli

PLOS Pathogens: published March 5, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000701

Limited Trafficking of a Neurotropic Virus Through Inefficient Retrograde Axonal Transport and the Type I Interferon Response

Karen Z. Lancaster, Julie K. Pfeiffer

PLOS Pathogens: published March 5, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000791

Endocytosis of the Anthrax Toxin Is Mediated by Clathrin, Actin and Unconventional Adaptors

Laurence Abrami, Mirko Bischofberger, Béatrice Kunz, Romain Groux, F. Gisou van der Goot

PLOS Pathogens: published March 5, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000792

Tsetse EP Protein Protects the Fly Midgut from Trypanosome Establishment

Lee R. Haines, Stella M. Lehane, Terry W. Pearson, Michael J. Lehane

PLOS Pathogens: published March 5, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000793

Direct Visualization by Cryo-EM of the Mycobacterial Capsular Layer: A Labile Structure Containing ESX-1-Secreted Proteins

Musa Sani, Edith N. G. Houben, Jeroen Geurtsen, Jason Pierson, Karin de Punder, Maaike van Zon, Brigitte Wever, Sander R. Piersma, Connie R. Jiménez, Mamadou Daffé, Ben J. Appelmelk, Wilbert Bitter, Nicole van der Wel, Peter J. Peters

PLOS Pathogens: published March 5, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000794

Fine-Tuning Translation Kinetics Selection as the Driving Force of Codon Usage Bias in the Hepatitis A Virus Capsid

Lluís Aragonès, Susana Guix, Enric Ribes, Albert Bosch, Rosa M. Pintó

PLOS Pathogens: published March 5, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000797

Perforin and IL-2 Upregulation Define Qualitative Differences among Highly Functional Virus-Specific Human CD8⁺ T Cells

George Makedonas, Natalie Hutnick, Danielle Haney, Alexandra C. Amick, Jay Gardner, Gabriela Cosma, Adam R. Hersperger, Douglas Dolfi, E. John Wherry, Guido Ferrari, Michael R. Betts

PLOS Pathogens: published March 5, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000798

Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF57 Protein Binds and Protects a Nuclear Noncoding RNA from Cellular RNA Decay Pathways

Brooke B. Sahin, Denish Patel, Nicholas K. Conrad

PLOS Pathogens: published March 5, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000799

Fatal Transmissible Amyloid Encephalopathy: A New Type of Prion Disease Associated with Lack of Prion Protein Membrane Anchoring

Bruce Chesebro, Brent Race, Kimberly Meade-White, Rachel LaCasse, Richard Race, Mikael Klingeborn, James Striebel, David Dorward, Gillian McGovern, Martin Jeffrey

PLOS Pathogens: published March 5, 2010 | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1000800

Cover

Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) take up extracellular double-stranded (ds) RNA via class A scavenger receptors (SR-As).

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