Fig 1.
Cattle tick’s life cycle, its impacts on cattle, and how chemical (A) or biological (B) control can interfere in this scenario.
In A: human toxicity, health danger, environmental pollution, toxicity, and chemical resistance are expected, leading to a continuous economic hazard due to chemical pesticide use to control the cattle tick. While in B: after the biocontrol agent fulfills its infection cycle in the cattle tick, a healthier environment preserving the biodiversity is expected than that with the use of chemical acaricides, giving producers better earnings and pesticide-free productions, leading to a sustainable economic result, declining the cattle tick infestation.
Fig 2.
Infection model of the cattle tick by Metarhizium anisopliae considering proteins expressed during infection.