Table 1.
Summary of risk factors for invasive cryptococcosis in non-HIV hosts. Studies assessing risk factors for Cryptococcus neoformans with at least >40% of study population being HIV negative. Statistically significant positive associations with comorbid disease states are denoted in blue.
Fig 1.
Risk factors for invasive cryptococcosis in non-HIV-infected hosts.
Multiple retrospective studies have identified hepatic, renal, pulmonary, and hematopoietic dysfunction as associated with increased risk of Cryptococcus infection. Beyond specific organ dysfunction, there is growing appreciation for the role of host genetics, metabolic derangements, iatrogenic immunosuppression, and dysregulated immune response increasing cryptococcosis risk. Created in BioRender. Antonia, A. (2025) https://BioRender.com/rtkbe07.