Fig 1.
The environmental niches of Talaromyces marneffei.
Original figure created by Athena Phan and adapted on BioRender by Lottie Brown (2025) (https://BioRender.com/2elo9zk). In the highlands of endemic regions, bamboo rats and their associated soil serve as a reservoir for T. marneffei growth. High temperatures, humidity, and precipitation during the tropical monsoon season provide favorable conditions for T. marneffei. Activities which disturb the soil, including agriculture and extreme wind and rainfall during the monsoon, are believed to facilitate aerosolization and dispersion of T. marneffei conidia and drive the acquisition of talaromycosis.
Fig 2.
The pathogenesis of Talaromyces marneffei.
Figure created in BioRender. Brown, L. (2025) (https://BioRender.com/2elo9zk). Key points (1) to (10) provide a summary of the pathogenesis of T. marneffei. Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid; CP, catalase peroxidase; COX, cyclooxygenase; CYP, cytochrome P; EET, epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; HETE, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; HSP, heat shock proteins; IFN-γ, interferon gamma; IgG, immunoglobulin G; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-12, interleukin-12; LOX, lipoxygenase; PGH2, prostaglandin H2; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.