Fig 1.
The dual roles of Pelota in mRNA surveillance, viral infection, and plant immunity.
(A) Conserved functions of Pelota. Pelota forms a heterodimer with Hbs1 to resolve stalled ribosomes in No-Go Decay (NGD) and Non-Stop Decay (NSD) pathways. The complex triggers endonucleolytic cleavage of aberrant mRNAs, followed by their degradation. Pelota also regulates genomic stability, cell cycle, meiosis, and embryonic development in animals. (B) Pelota’s role in DNA/RNA virus infection and resistance. (Ⅰ) Recessive resistance to geminiviruses (e.g., TYLCV in tomato ty-5; PepYLCIV in pepper pepy-1 via impaired ribosome recycling. (Ⅱ, Ⅲ) Antiviral actions against RNA viruses (e.g., OsPelota inhibits Hsp70-dependent tubule assembly; viral RNA degradation via SUMOylation-dependent RQC). (C) Viral counterdefense and Pelota’s proviral roles. (Ⅰ, Ⅱ) Viral evasion strategies (e.g., E3 ligase degrades Pelota-Hbs1, RGDV Pns11 binds to Pelota enabling tubule assembly; NIb suppresses Pelota SUMOylation). (Ⅲ) Proviral functions in viral translation (e.g., DCV capsid synthesis; DENV, RDV, RSMV, SRBSDV replication). (D) Pelota mutations in immune regulation. Deletions or nonsense mutations cause severe immune activation conferring resistance; OsPelotaF186I activate SA pathway. TYLCV: tomato yellow leaf curl virus; PepYLCIV: pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus; RGDV: rice gall dwarf virus; SRBSDV: Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus; DCV: Drosophila C virus; DENV: dengue virus; RDV: rice dwarf virus, RSMV: rice stripe mosaic virus. Created in BioRender. Li, X. (2025) https://BioRender.com/vgdppvs.