Fig 1.
(A) Cartoon depiction of an influenza virion, the genomic segments, and surface glycoproteins. The segments are color coded to highlight recently acquired gene segments in the H5N1 reassortment that has given rise to the current dairy cow-associated epidemic. (B) Structure of the H5 head domain of the HA protein from A/Texas/37/2024. One monomer, shown as ribbon, illustrating residues that result in a sialic acid receptor-binding switch (red), those that result in changes in receptor-binding breadth (aqua), and those that promote α2,6 binding and mediate dual receptor binding (purple). PDB 9DWE. Both panels were created in part with BioRender.
Table 1.
Distribution of distinct SA linkages in different hosts and tissues.