Fig 1.
Viral loads of CrPV and DCV across DGRP lines during single and coinfection.
Bar heights show the mean viral load or changes in viral load (coinfection-single infection) at 2 dpi on a log10 scale, with error bars showing the standard error of the mean. Blue bars represent single infection viral loads, or changes in viral load where single infection viral loads were greater than coinfection viral loads. Red bars represent coinfection viral loads, or changes in viral load where coinfection viral loads were greater than single infection viral loads. DGRP lines are arranged on the x-axis in order of susceptibility to CrPV during single infection.
Table 1.
Estimates of the phenotypic mean, environmental variance (VE), additive genetic variance (VA), and heritability (h2) of viral load and the change in viral load during coinfection across DGRP lines for CrPV and DCV during single infection and coinfection.
Values for “single infection” and “coinfection” conditions were taken from model (1), which was fitted on log10-transformed fold-changes in viral load, while values for “change” were taken from model (2), which was fitted on log10-transformed Δ fold-changes in viral load (coinfection-single infection).
Fig 2.
Genetic correlations in viral load between single and coinfections of CrPV and DCV.
Correlations in viral load between CrPV during single and coinfection (A); DCV during single and coinfection (B); CrPV and DCV during single infection (C); and CrPV and DCV during coinfection (D). Individual points represent the mean viral load at 2 dpi for each DGRP line on a log10 scale, with trend lines added from a univariate least-squares linear model for illustrative purposes. Genetic correlations (r), regression slopes (β), and 95% Cis have been taken from the output of model (1).
Fig 3.
Viral loads of CrPV and DCV across host species during single and coinfection.
Bar heights show the mean viral load or changes in viral load (coinfection–single infection) by 2 dpi on a log10 scale, with error bars showing the standard error of the mean. Blue bars represent single infection viral loads, or changes in viral load where single infection viral loads were greater than coinfection. Red bars represent coinfection viral loads, or changes in viral load where coinfection viral loads were greater than single infection. The phylogeny of Drosophilidae hosts is presented at the bottom, with the scale bar showing nucleotide substitutions per site, and the axis showing the approximate age since divergence in millions of years (mya) based on estimates from [91].
Table 2.
Estimates of overall mean, across-species variance, repeatability, and the proportion of variance explained by the host phylogeny for viral load and the change in viral load during coinfection.
Values for mean viral load, across species variance, and repeatability for the “single infection” and “coinfection” conditions were taken from model (4), which was fitted on log10-transformed fold-changes in viral load, while these values for “change” during coinfection were taken from model (6), which was fitted on log10-transformed Δ fold-changes in viral load (coinfection-single infection). The proportion of variance explained by phylogeny was taken from model (3) for the “single infection” and “coinfection” conditions, and model (5) for “change” during coinfection.
Fig 4.
Interspecific correlations in viral load between single and coinfections of CrPV and DCV.
Correlations in viral load between CrPV during single and coinfection (A); DCV during single and coinfection (B); CrPV and DCV during single infection (C); and CrPV and DCV during coinfection (D). Individual points represent the mean viral load at 2dpi for each Drosophilidae host species on a log10 scale, with trend lines added from a univariate least-squares linear model for illustrative purposes. Interspecific correlations (r), regression slopes (β), and 95% Cis have been taken from the output of model (4).