Fig 1.
Time course and symptoms of COVID-19 and PASC.
Acute COVID-19 includes symptoms present up to 4 weeks. Live virus is typically present in the respiratory tract for 1-week pso, with variability among individuals. Common symptoms of acute COVID-19 are summarized that include pulmonary and systemic manifestations. Long COVID or PASC includes persistent symptoms present 4 weeks post-acute infection. The diverse range of multiorgan complications of PASC are summarized. COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019; PASC, Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19; pso, post-symptom onset.
Table 1.
Overview of commonly utilized SARS-CoV-2 animal models.
Fig 2.
Potential animal models of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) manifestations.
The 4 main groups of animal models (hamsters, mice, ferrets, and NHPs) are outlined with corresponding human manifestations of PASC. COVID-19, Coronavirus Disease 2019; NHP, nonhuman primate; PASC, Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19.