Fig 1.
Characteristics of sequenced bunyavirus isolates.
Bunyavirus isolates were collected from around the world over the span of 7 decades from a variety of vertebrate and arthropod hosts. (A) Map showing original collection location of isolates, color-coded by host type, NK (not known); (B) histogram showing the number of isolates collected each year; (C) histogram showing the number of isolates from the indicated countries, for countries with 2 or more isolates; (D) histogram showing the number of isolates from the indicated host type. (E) histograms showing the pairwise percent nucleotide identity for the highest scoring BLASTn alignments to existing sequences in the NCBI nucleotide database for the sequenced S, M, and L segments.
Table 1.
Sequenced genomes of 88 viruses belonging to Peribunyaviridae (Orthobunyavirus or Pacuvirus).
Table 2.
Sequenced genomes of 6 viruses belonging to Phenuiviridae (Phlebovirus and Uukuvirus).
Table 3.
Sequenced genomes of 5 viruses belonging to Nairoviridae (Orthonairovirus).
Fig 2.
L segment phylogeny for viruses in Orthobunyavirus.
Bayesian phylogenetic tree using the ORF on the L segment. Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probability values. Reference sequences (sequences present in the NCBI RefSeq database) are included as phylogenetic landmarks and colored blue. Sequences from this study are colored black. Classical serogroup distinctions are indicated. Scale bars represent substitutions per site.
Fig 3.
M segment phylogeny for viruses in Orthobunyavirus.
Bayesian phylogenetic tree using the ORF encoding Gn/Gc on the M segment. Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probability values. Reference sequences are colored blue and sequences generated in this project are colored black. Classical serogroup distinctions are indicated. Scale bars represent substitutions per site.
Fig 4.
S segment phylogeny for viruses in Orthobunyavirus.
Bayesian phylogenetic tree using the ORF encoding NP on the S segment. Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probability values. Reference sequences are colored blue and sequences generated as part of this study are colored black. Classical serogroup distinctions are indicated. Scale bars represent substitutions per site.
Fig 5.
Phylogenetic analysis of viruses in Nairoviridae.
Bayesian phylogenetic tree using (A) the ORF encoding the RdRp on the L segment, (B) the ORF encoding Gn/NSm/Gc on the M segment, and (C) the ORF encoding NP on the S segment. Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probability values. Reference sequences are included as phylogenetic landmarks and colored blue. Sequences generated in this study are colored black. Classical serogroup distinctions are indicated. Scale bars represent substitutions per site.
Fig 6.
Phylogenetic analysis of viruses in Phenuiviridae.
Bayesian phylogenetic tree using (A) the ORF encoding the RdRp on the L segment, (B) the ORF encoding Gn/Gc on the M segment, and (C) the ORF encoding NP on the S segment. Numbers at nodes indicate posterior probability values. Reference sequences are included as phylogenetic landmarks and colored blue. Sequences generated in this study are colored black Classical serogroup distinctions are indicated. Scale bars represent substitutions per site.
Fig 7.
Co-phylogenies of Orthobunyavirus L and S segment trees.
Branches with support values < 0.95 were converted to polytomies. All other branch support values were 1 unless indicated. Trees were rooted with outgroups as in Figs 2–4.
Fig 8.
Co-phylogenies of Orthobunyavirus L and M segment trees.
Branches with support values < 0.95 were converted to polytomies. All other branch support values were 1 unless indicated. Trees were rooted with outgroups as in Figs 2–4.
Fig 9.
Co-phylogenies of Orthobunyavirus S and M segment trees.
Branches with support values < 0.95 were converted to polytomies. All other branch support values were 1 unless indicated. Trees were rooted with outgroups as in Figs 2–4.
Fig 10.
Co-phylogenies of Nairoviridae L, M, and S segment trees.
Branches with support values < 0.95 were converted to polytomies. All other branch support values were 1 unless indicated. Trees were rooted with outgroups as in Fig 5.
Fig 11.
Co-phylogenies of Phenuiviridae L, M, and S segment trees.
Branches with support values < 0.95 were converted to polytomies. All other branch support values were 1 unless indicated. Trees were rooted with outgroups as in Fig 6.