Figure 1.
Localization of M. oryzae effectors during plant infection.
A. Cytoplasmic effectors (♦) are secreted into the biotrophic interfacial complex (BIC) before being translocated into plant cells. B. Apoplastic effectors (◊) are secreted into the space between the fungal cell wall and extra-invasive-hyphal membrane (EIHM). Like IH, effector proteins may move from cell to cell via plasmodesmata. AP, appressorium.
Figure 2.
Two effector secretion mechanisms identified in M. oryzae.
The apoplastic effectors (◊) utilize the conventional ER-Golgi secretion pathway for secretion. Disruption of the cytoskeleton by benzimidazoleand LatA treatments interferes with the secretion of apoplastic effectors. In contract, the secretion of cytoplasmic effectors (♦) into the BIC is independent of the Golgi bodies and cytoskeleton but involves the exocyst complex and t-SNAREs. A, cortical actin; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; EX, exocyst complex; G, Golgi bodies; M, microtubules; N, Nucleus.