Table 1.
Sample material and polyomavirus content.
Table 2.
Novel polyomaviruses detected in nonhuman primates.
Figure 1.
Bayesian chronogram deduced from the analysis of a 244 amino acid alignment of VP1 sequences.
Polyomaviruses were identified in humans (red), apes (blue), other primates (green), and other mammals and birds (black). Novel polyomaviruses identified in this study are marked with a star and relevant clades to which they belong are highlighted by lettered circles. Viruses from which VP1 was used in serological assays are highlighted by colored rectangles. The human polyomavirus MXPyV has the same phylogenetic position as HPyV10 and is not shown. Support values are given above branches where posterior probability (pp) >0.95 and bootstrap values (Bp) >50. The tree presented is the maximum clade credibility tree. The scale axis is indicated in amino acid substitutions per site.
Table 3.
Branch support values for selected clades in VP1, VP2 and large T phylogenetic analyses.
Figure 2.
Reactivity of chimpanzee plasma samples to VP1 proteins of chimpanzee polyomaviruses.
Antibody reactivity was assessed against the 4 chimpanzee polyomaviruses ChPyV, PtrovPyV3, PtrovPyV4 and PtrosPyV2 using plasma of 40 chimpanzees. Samples were analysed for seroreactivity with a capsomer-based IgG ELISA using the VP1 major capsid protein of the above polyomaviruses as antigens. The spread of absorbance measurement is shown with black dots, and cut-off values (COVs) are depicted with solid lines (PtrovPyV3: 0.028; PtrovPyV4: 0.023; PtrosPyV2: 0.013). A COV for ChPyV could not be calculated because all OD450 values were >0.3.
Figure 3.
Reactivity of human sera to VP1 proteins of chimpanzee and human polyomaviruses.
Antibody reactivity was assessed against 4 chimpanzee polyomaviruses (ChPyV, PtrovPyV3, PtrovPyV4 and PtrosPyV2) and 2 human polyomaviruses (HPyV9 and JCPyV) using sera from German (n = 111) and of plasma samples from Ivorian subjects (n = 115). Samples were analysed for seroreactivity with a capsomer-based IgG ELISA using the VP1 major capsid protein of the above polyomaviruses as antigens. The spread of absorbance measurement is shown with green and red dots (representing the German and Ivorian panels, respectively). COVs are shown as solid lines within the graph (COVs of Germans/Ivorians: ChPyV: 0.057/0.034; PtrovPyV3: 0.046/0.070; PtrovPyV4: 0.038/0.012; PtrosPyV2: 0.081/0.080; HPyV9: 0.089/0.066; JCPyV: 0.047/0.079).
Table 4.
Seroreactivity of German sera and Ivorian plasma samples against polyomaviruses by age group.
Table 5.
Competitive inhibition of seroreactivity between human and chimpanzee polyomaviruses.