Near-native state imaging by cryo-soft-X-ray tomography reveals remodelling of multiple cellular organelles during HSV-1 infection
Fig 5
Remodelling of mitochondria during HSV-1 infection.
Morphological changes to mitochondria were assessed from cryoSXT tomograms collected from uninfected cells and cells at early- or late-stages of infection with timestamp HSV-1. Data are representative of three independent experiments. Scale bars = 1 μm. (A) Examples of spherical, short, and long mitochondria are indicated with white arrows. (B) A shift towards elongated and branched mitochondria was observed during infection. Mitochondria were segmented and differentiated using Contour [60] to highlight the abundance and 3D geometry of individual mitochondria. (C) Venn diagrams showing the percentage of tomograms at each stage of infection with Spherical, Short or Long mitochondria, or a combination of these phenotypes. The percentages of tomograms with long mitochondria were greater for cells at early- or late-stages of infection than for uninfected cells. Mitochondrial morphology was more heterogenous in uninfected cells. Combined percentages from all replicates are shown here and Venn diagrams for each replicate are shown in S2C Fig. (D) The numbers of branching nodes were calculated for 45 tomograms across all replicates and significant differences in the number of nodes between uninfected cells and those at late stages of infection were determined for each replicate using ANOVA and Tukey tests (p <0.05). Error bars show mean ± SD.