Bile acids promote the caveolae-associated entry of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus in porcine intestinal enteroids
Fig 9
Proposed model for SADS-CoV infection in porcine intestinal enteroids (PIEs) enhanced by bile acids (BA).
1) SADS-CoV infection induces a significant increase of BA concentration in the small intestine of piglets, and this BA-rich microenvironment promotes SADS-CoV replication in the epithelial cells. 2) BAs enhance SADS-CoV entry via CavME, and dynamin-2 is required for this effect. In the presence of BAs, 3) endosomal acidification is increased; 4) Rab7 expression is upregulated and 5) LAMP1 expression is downregulated. These cellular changes induced by BAs might alter the dynamics of endosomal/lysosomal system and 6) aid SADS-CoV escape into the cytoplasm. The image was created using the website https://app.biorender.com/.