A unique NLRC4 receptor from echinoderms mediates Vibrio phagocytosis via rearrangement of the cytoskeleton and polymerization of F-actin
Fig 5
V. splendidus enters coelomocytes of sea cucumber through multiple endocytic pathways.
(A) The effect of chlorpromazine (CPZ) on the cell viability of sea cucumbers. Sea cucumber coelomocytes were treated with increasing concentrations of CPZ for 3 h, and cell viability was calculated. (B) Flow cytometry was performed after CPZ inhibitor treatment to investigate the phagocytic activity of V. splendidus. Sea cucumbers were treated with 10 μM CPZ for 3 h and then infected with FITC-labeled V. splendidus for 3 h. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the phagocytic activity of V. splendidus. The graphs are representative of three independent assays, and the proportions were calculated from those three assays, **p < 0.01. (C) The effect of cytochalasin D on the cell viability of sea cucumbers. (D) Flow cytometry was performed after cytochalasin D inhibitor treatment to investigate the phagocytic activity of V. splendidus. The graphs are representative of three independent assays, and the proportions were calculated from those three assays, **p < 0.01. (E) The effect of Mitmab on the cell viability of sea cucumbers. (F) Flow cytometry was performed after mitmab inhibitor treatment to investigate the phagocytic activity of V. splendidus. The graphs are representative of three independent assays, and the proportions were calculated from those three assays, **p < 0.01. (G) The effect of IPA-3 on the cell viability of sea cucumbers. (H) Flow cytometry was performed after IPA-3 inhibitor treatment to investigate the phagocytic activity of V. splendidus. The graphs are representative of three independent assays, and the proportions were calculated from those three assays, **p < 0.01. (I) The effect of nystatin on the cell viability of sea cucumbers. (J) Flow cytometry was performed after nystatin inhibitor treatment to test the phagocytic activity of V. splendidus. The graphs are representative of three independent assays, and the proportions were calculated from those three assays.