A salivary chitinase of Varroa destructor influences host immunity and mite’s survival
Fig 5
Differentially expressed genes in honey bee pupae artificially infested with mites delivering saliva with the full repertoire of proteins or lacking Vd-CHIsal.
(A) Differential expression of 13 honey bee genes, as affected by presence of Vd-CHIsal in the saliva (KD/WS). DESeq2 adjusted P was < 0.05 and FDR was set at 5%. Log transformed mean FPKM values are reported on Y axis. For each experimental condition 3 separate pupae were analyzed. Error bars represent SD. Summary data sheets of differential expression analysis are presented in S2 and S3 Tables. (B) Relative expression of immune genes in honey bee pupae as affected by Vd-CHIsal expression in Varroa destructor infesting mites. Each mean value is obtained on 7–10 pupae, individually analyzed. Results of qRT-PCR are presented as mean fold changes relative to non-infested pupae used as calibrator. Values on Y axis are reported in Log10 scale. Error bars represent standard deviation (SD). Mean values were compared by one-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey post-hoc test, and values statistically different are denoted with different letters (P<0.05). Details of statistical analyses are presented in S4 Table. NP: non-parasitized controls; WS: pupae infested with mites soaked in saline solution; KD: pupae infested with mites soaked in a solution of Vd-CHIsal dsRNA.