Interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the type I interferon response
Fig 2
SARS-CoV interfering with IFN induction and signaling.
On this cartoon are schematically represented the signaling pathways triggered by SARS-CoV RNA recognition by the cytoplasmic RNA sensors RIG-I and MDA5, which leads to IFN induction (A) and subsequent IFN signaling in surrounding cells, resulting in the expression of ISGs (B). SARS-CoV proteins that have been reported to interfere with these pathways are indicated. IFN, interferon; IFNAR, interferon alpha and beta receptor; IκB, inhibitor of nuclear factor κB; IKKε, IκB kinase-ε; IRF, IFN regulatory factor; ISG, IFN-stimulated gene; JAK, Janus kinase; M, membrane; MAVS, mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein; MDA5, melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5; N, nucleocapsid; Nsp, nonstructural protein; ORF, open reading frame; P, phosphate; PLP, papain-like protease; RIG-I, retinoic acid-inducible gene 1; SARS-CoV, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TANK, TRAF family member associated NF-κB activator; TBK1, TANK-binding kinase 1; TRAF3, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3; TYK2, tyrosine kinase 2.