JC Virus infected choroid plexus epithelial cells produce extracellular vesicles that infect glial cells independently of the virus attachment receptor
Fig 5
EV-mediated infection of glial cells is not sensitive to treatment with neuraminidase and is not blocked by neutralizing antibodies.
(A) Neuraminidase treatment (+NA) of SVG-A cells reduces infection by purified virus (CsCl JCPyV) but has no effect on EV mediated infection (EVJC+). (B) Uptake of PKH67 labeled vesicles is not significantly reduced on neuraminidase (+NA) treated SVG-A cells compared to untreated cells (UT). (C) Titration of NA treatment on SVGA cells showed a dose dependent decrease in purified JCPyV-488 binding as NA concentration is increased. (D) Pretreatment with anti-JC blocking antibody inhibits CsCl JCPyV infection but has no effect on EVJC+ mediated infection in SVG-A cells. (E) Pretreatment with anti-JC blocking antibody does not inhibit PKH67 labeled EV internalization. (F) Titration of the anti-JCPyV antisera used to inhibit virus infection in panels D and E. * = p < 0.05.