Roles of GP33, a guinea pig cytomegalovirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptor homolog, in cellular signaling, viral growth and inflammation in vitro and in vivo
Fig 2
Signal pathways activated by GP33.
(A-C) COS-7 cells were transfected with 50 ng of a reporter plasmid, pCRE-luc (A), pNFAT-luc (B) or pNFκB-luc (C), 0.5 ng of pRL-EF1α, and the indicated amount (ng) of an empty vector (vec) or an effector plasmid. pcDNA-GP33s (GP33s), -GP33 (GP33), -UL33 (UL33), pF4A-CMV-GαqQ209L (Gαq), and a plasmid expressing FLAG-MyD88 (MyD88) were used as the effector and control plasmids. Means and standard error of means (SEM) of fold induction obtained in triplicated wells using the relative luciferase activity of the cells transfected with an empty vector (vec) as a standard are shown. **: p<0.01. (D) TNF-α mRNA levels in uninfected GPL cells, or those infected with Δ33 or r33 at an MOI of 1. RNA samples were prepared from GPL cells at 1 day p.i. The amounts of TNF-α cDNA relative to those of β-actin were measured using real-time RT-PCR assay. Means and SEM of the fold increases obtained in triplicated wells using the relative TNF-α level in the uninfected cells as a standard are shown. *: p<0.05.