Zinc-dependent substrate-level phosphorylation powers Salmonella growth under nitrosative stress of the innate host response
Fig 1
Effects of carbon sources on resistance of Salmonella to NO.
(A) Growth of Salmonella treated (+ sNO) or untreated (ctrl) with 750 μM of spermine NONOate in MOPS minimal media supplemented with either glucose (GLC), casamino acids (CAA), or both carbon sources (GLC + CAA) (N = 4, mean ± S.E.M.). (B) Depiction of genes in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) targeted for mutation. Sites of entry of GLC and CAA into glycolysis and TCA are shown. Steps of ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation and fbaAB genes encoding fructose bisphosphate aldolase are also indicated. Growth of Salmonella harboring mutations in TCA (C) or glycolysis (D) after 20 h of growth in MOPS minimal media supplemented with GLC or CAA (N = 3, mean ± S.E.M.). (E) Growth of wild-type (WT), ΔatpB, and ΔackA Δpta Salmonella in MOPS supplemented with GLC or CAA (N = 4, mean ± S.E.M.). (F) Anaerobic growth of Salmonella in MOPS media supplemented with 50 mM NaNO3 (N = 4, mean ± S.E.M.). *, p < 0.05; ***; p < 0.001.