Exploitation of nuclear functions by human rhinovirus, a cytoplasmic RNA virus
Fig 3
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNP M) redistributes to the cytoplasm of HRV16-infected HeLa cells.
(A) Tryptic peptides in Fig 2 that correspond to hnRNP M are highlighted red, clearly reflecting the nucleocytoplasmic redistribution of this protein 8 hours post infection (hpi) by HRV16. (B) HeLa cells were mock- or HRV16-infected (MOI 10) then fixed 4 or 8 hpi. Cells were permeabilized then probed, via indirect immunofluorescence, for HRV16 2C (red), a marker of HRV16 RNA replication sites, and cellular protein hnRNP M (green). DNA was counterstained with DAPI to indicate location of nuclei (blue). Cells were then imaged using confocal microscopy. (C) HeLa cells were mock- or HRV16-infected (MOI 10), fractionated at the indicated times, and fractions were analyzed by Western blot. Cleaved hnRNP M was observed 8 hpi in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions (cp*). HRV16 3D and its precursor 3CD were used as markers of infection. VCL and LMNA were used as markers of the cytoplasmic (C) and nuclear fractions (N), respectively, and GAPDH was used as a general loading control.