Diverse pathways of escape from all well-characterized VRC01-class broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies
Fig 8
Escape variants exhibit slower growth than WT virus but outgrow WT virus in the presence of bNAbs.
CD4-Ig neutralization assays of the virus clones 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 (A) or clones 14, 73, 75 and 142 (B) performed in TZM-bl cells. WT is the parental virus, NL-ADA. Averages ± SD of three independent experiments performed in duplicates are shown for (A) and (B). (C) IC50 values of CD4-Ig calculated from the inhibition assays shown in (A) and (B) for WT virus and each of indicated virus clones. The clones indicated by bold letters were characterized for their replication efficiency in the experiments shown in (D). (D) Replication efficiency of WT and indicated virus clones in CD4+ T cells in the presence and absence of 10 μg/ml VRC07. Progeny viruses were harvested every 2 days up until 8 days post infection and quantified by RT-qPCR. Averages ± SD of three independent experiments performed in duplicates are shown. Statistical significance was calculated using two-way ANOVA, compared WT to each clone and indicated with corresponding colors.