Diverse pathways of escape from all well-characterized VRC01-class broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies
Fig 6
HIV-1 can escape from CD4bs bNAbs through a wide range of diverse pathways.
(A) Upper panel: Loop D and V5 sequences of the six clones randomly chosen from top 25 of the VRC07 passage 5 swarm. Sequence ranking is based on copy numbers in the VRC07 passage 5 swarm, normalized by the copy number of individual sequence in the control swarm passaged the same number of times but without antibody (Control passage 15 swarm). Lower panel: Neutralization assays of these virus clones against the indicated antibodies. WT is the parental NL-ADA virus. (B) The sequences of Loop D and V5 (upper panel) and neutralization assays (lower panel) of four additional clones chosen from top 150 for the small number of mutations (2 or 3) they contain. (C) Neutralization assays of clonal viruses against additional CD4bs bNAbs N6, VRC-CH31, VRC-PG04 and VRC01. The dotted lines in (A)—(C) represent average IC80 values of antibodies for the ADA isolate. Averages ± SD of three independent experiments performed in duplicates are shown. Statistical significance compared with WT NL-ADA was calculated by two-way ANOVA and p values were <0.001 for all in (A)—(C).