Outer membrane vesicles from Neisseria gonorrhoeae target PorB to mitochondria and induce apoptosis
Fig 9
OMVs induce delayed macrophage death.
BMDMs treated with PBS, N. gonorrhoeae purified OMVs and the pan-caspase inhibitor, Q-VD-PH (QVD) were analyzed by live-cell imaging every 30 minutes for 48 hours to determine (A) cell death (Draq7 positive cells), (B) mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm, TMRM positive cells) and (C) caspase-3/7 activity (caspase fluorogenic substrate positive cells). Mean and standard error of the mean (SEM) are shown for three independent experiments, containing triplicate biological samples.