Alcohol-associated intestinal dysbiosis impairs pulmonary host defense against Klebsiella pneumoniae
Fig 14
Working model for the effects of alcohol-dysbiosis on host defense against pulmonary pathogens.
Alcohol promotes intestinal microbial and metabolic dysbiosis, which increases intestinal inflammation and permeability leading to intestinal T-cell sequestration and impaired T-cell trafficking to the respiratory tract, all of which, in combination, increase host susceptibility to respiratory infection with Klebseilla pneumoniae.